Article
The vascular basis of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery (impact factor:
2.74).
10/2005;
116(3):818-22.
pp.818-22
Source: PubMed
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Citations (0)
- Cited In (3)
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Article: Surgical technique in pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps: a clinical experience with 99 patients.
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ABSTRACT: The thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is considered a technically difficult flap because of significant anatomical variations in perforator location. The authors' strategy to facilitate the harvest of these flaps includes careful preoperative mapping of perforators and a standardized planning and harvesting technique. The authors evaluated 99 pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps, with an emphasis on preoperative planning, surgical technique, and analysis of complications. Between May of 2000 and October of 2006, 99 patients underwent pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps in the authors' department. Their charts and postoperative results were reviewed retrospectively. A thoracodorsal artery perforator flap was harvested in 90 cases. The perforators were unsuitable in the other 10 flaps; therefore, a muscle-sparing technique was used (type I or type II). Unidirectional Doppler imaging was used exclusively in 92 percent of cases to map the perforator preoperatively. The average flap size was 20 x 8 cm. Average operative time for flap harvest was 80 minutes. Perforators were located at 8 to 13 cm from the axillary crease (average, 10.8 cm). Major flap necrosis occurred in one case (1 percent). Limited partial or palpable fat necrosis occurred in three cases (3 percent). Seroma formation was not encountered in any of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps or muscle-sparing thoracodorsal artery perforator type I flaps. Careful preoperative perforator mapping and a standardized approach to flap planning and harvest can significantly reduce the difficulty of executing pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps.Plastic and reconstructive surgery 06/2008; 121(5):1632-41. · 2.74 Impact Factor -
Article: Anatomical background of the perforator flap based on the deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIP Flap): a cadaveric study.
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ABSTRACT: The groin flap, based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery, was the first successful free flap. However, its popularity was lost essentially due to variable arterial anatomy. Clinical applications of perforator flap based on superficial circumflex iliac artery suggest that a dominant perforator based on his deep branch is enough to supply a large groin flap. Fresh cadaveric dissections were performed and the perforators of Sartorius based on the deep branch of superficial circumflex iliac artery were identified. The dominant perforator was isolated and injected selectively with methylene blue solution. We performed 20 dissections of superficial circumflex iliac artery and the deep branch. We found a deep branch with 2 perforators penetrating the Sartorius muscle. The diameter of the dominant perforator of the deep branch was 0.85 mm on average and the mean injected skin area was 162 cm(2). These findings are in agreement with early clinical suggestion. The dominant musculocutaneous perforator of the deep branch of superficial circumflex iliac artery provides constant and reliable blood supply to ensure a relatively large perforator groin flap.Eplasty 01/2010; 10:e11. -
Article: The anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery in perforator flap for resurfacing shallow defect.
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ABSTRACT: To systematically determine the location and number of cutaneous perforators greater than 0. 5 mm in diameter of the lateral branch of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for resurfacing shallow defect. Sixty dissections of the thoracodorsal arterial system were carried out in 30 preserved cadavers. The location and number of cutaneous perforators greater than 0.5 mm in diameter of the lateral branch of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap were studied and measured. Seventy-six perforators were found in 60 flaps (1.3 perforators per flap). The first perforator was exited in all dissections. It emerged from the latissimus dorsi muscle 9.8 cm below the dome of the axilla. In 21.67% of the cases, the second perforator of the thoracodorsal artery arose 3.4 cm distal to the origin of the first perforator The third perforator was found in 5% of dissections, and originated 3.0 cm away from the origin of the second perforator In addition, most perforators penetrated the muscle within 7.0-14. 0 cm below the dome of the axilla. The center of the flap designed should be placed between 7 to 14 cm from the dome of the axilla.Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 06/2007; 90(5):947-55.
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Keywords
15 fresh human cadavers
4 degrees C
5.5 perforators
clinical applications
cutaneous flap
cutaneous perforators
major axis length
mean area
mean diameter
mean length
minor axis length
Musculocutaneous perforator flaps
musculocutaneous perforators
perforator flaps
reliable cutaneous perforator flap
septocutaneous perforators
thoracodorsal artery
thoracodorsal artery perforator flap
vascular anatomy
vessel diameter
