Article

Infant motor development and adult cognitive functions in schizophrenia.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
Schizophrenia Research (impact factor: 4.75). 02/2006; 81(1):65-74. DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2005.08.016 pp.65-74
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Childhood neuromotor dysfunction is a risk factor for schizophrenia, a disorder in which cognitive deficits are prominent. The relationship between early neurodevelopment and adult cognition in schizophrenia remains unclear.
We examined the associations between infant motor development and adult cognitive functions in schizophrenia (n = 61) and the general population (n = 104) in a sample drawn from the The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Data on ages of learning to stand and walk with or without support were obtained at age 12 months by health visitor assessment. Neurocognitive measures at age 33-35 included executive function, verbal and visual episodic memory, and visuo-spatial working memory.
The schizophrenia group achieved neuromotor milestones later and performed significantly worse than the control group on all measures of cognition. In pooled analyses there were associations between infant motor development and adult cognition in the domains of executive function, verbal learning and visuospatial working memory, but not in visual object learning. The pattern of associations between development and cognition was similar in schizophrenia and the general population.
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in schizophrenia mild infant motor developmental delay and adult cognitive deficits (at least in some domains) are age dependent manifestations of the same underlying neural process. Thus, they may be better considered as part of a single longitudinal syndrome.

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    Article: The antecedents of schizophrenia: a review of birth cohort studies.
    Joy Welham, Matti Isohanni, Peter Jones, John McGrath
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Birth cohort (BC) studies demonstrate that individuals who develop schizophrenia differ from the general population on a range of developmental indices. The aims of this article were to summarize key findings from BC studies in order to identify areas of convergence and to outline areas requiring further research. We define BC studies as studies based on general population BCs where data are collected prospectively from birth or childhood and which identify schizophrenia or related disorders as an outcome. To identify such studies, we searched various electronic databases using the search parameters (schizo* OR psych*) AND (birth cohort). We also checked the references of relevant articles and previous reviews. We identified 11 BCs from 7 countries that have examined schizophrenia as an outcome in adulthood. There is relatively consistent evidence that, as a group, children who later develop schizophrenia have behavioral disturbances and psychopathology, intellectual and language deficits, and early motor delays. Evidence with respect to alterations in language, educational performance, and physical growth has also been identified in some studies. BC studies have also contributed evidence about a wide range of putative risk factors for schizophrenia. BC studies have provided important, convergent insights into how the developmental trajectory of individuals who develop schizophrenia differs from their peers. The combination of new paradigms and larger cohorts, with the tools of modern epidemiology and biomedical science, is advancing our understanding of the developmental pathways to schizophrenia.
    Schizophrenia Bulletin 05/2009; 35(3):603-23. · 8.80 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

adult cognition
 
adult cognitive deficits
 
adult cognitive functions
 
age 12 months
 
Childhood neuromotor dysfunction
 
control group
 
executive function
 
general population
 
health visitor assessment
 
infant motor development
 
Neurocognitive measures
 
neuromotor milestones
 
Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
 
risk factor
 
schizophrenia
 
schizophrenia group
 
schizophrenia mild infant motor developmental delay
 
single longitudinal syndrome
 
underlying neural process
 
visual episodic memory