Article

Interferometric measurements of dynamic changes of tear film.

Wrocław University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Poland.
Journal of Biomedical Optics (impact factor: 3.16). 11(3):34028. DOI:10.1117/1.2209881 pp.34028
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Tear film stability plays an important role in the quality of vision. We present an interferometric method for assessing the stability of precorneal tear film in real time. A lateral shearing technique is applied as a noninvasive and sensitive method for investigating tear film stability and the smoothness of the tear film surface by quantitative evaluation of the interference fringe pattern. The evaporation of tears and the appearance of tear film break-up between blinks cause changes in the fringe geometry. For quantitative assessment of the fringe smoothness and consequently of the tear film structure, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied. Four parameters are used to quantitatively estimate dynamic changes in the tear film stability of the cornea 20 s after the eye blink. Examples of examined interferograms recorded in patients with healthy eyes, patients suffering from dry-eye syndrome, and patients wearing contact lenses are given. Significant differences between the stability of the tear film in the healthy eye and that in the dry eye and the eye with a contact lens are observed. The favorable influence of artificial tears applied in patients with dry-eye syndrome or contact lenses is also discussed.

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    Article: Lateral shearing interferometry, dynamic wavefront sensing, and high-speed videokeratoscopy for noninvasive assessment of tear film surface characteristics: a comparative study.
    Dorota H Szczesna, David Alonso-Caneiro, D Robert Iskander, Scott A Read, Michael J Collins
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    ABSTRACT: There are several noninvasive techniques for assessing the kinetics of tear film, but no comparative studies have been conducted to evaluate their efficacies. Our aim is to test and compare techniques based on high-speed videokeratoscopy (HSV), dynamic wavefront sensing (DWS), and lateral shearing interferometry (LSI). Algorithms are developed to estimate the tear film build-up time T(BLD), and the average tear film surface quality in the stable phase of the interblink interval TFSQ(Av). Moderate but significant correlations are found between T(BLD) measured with LSI and DWS based on vertical coma (Pearson's r(2)=0.34, p<0.01) and higher order rms (r(2)=0.31, p<0.01), as well as between TFSQ(Av) measured with LSI and HSV (r(2)=0.35, p<0.01), and between LSI and DWS based on the rms fit error (r(2)=0.40, p<0.01). No significant correlation is found between HSV and DWS. All three techniques estimate tear film build-up time to be below 2.5 sec, and they achieve a remarkably close median value of 0.7 sec. HSV appears to be the most precise method for measuring tear film surface quality. LSI appears to be the most sensitive method for analyzing tear film build-up.
    Journal of Biomedical Optics 15(3):037005. · 3.16 Impact Factor
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    Article: Predicting dry eye using noninvasive techniques of tear film surface assessment.
    Dorota H Szczesna, David Alonso-Caneiro, D Robert Iskander, Scott A Read, Michael J Collins
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    ABSTRACT: To measure tear film surface quality in healthy and dry eye subjects using three noninvasive techniques of tear film quality assessment and to establish the ability of these noninvasive techniques to predict dry eye. Thirty-four subjects participated in the study and were classified as dry eye or normal, based on standard clinical assessments. Three noninvasive techniques were applied for measurement of tear film surface quality: dynamic-area high-speed videokeratoscopy (HSV), wavefront sensing (DWS), and lateral shearing interferometry (LSI). The measurements were performed in both natural (NBC) and suppressed (SBC) blinking conditions. To investigate the capability of each method to discriminate dry eye subjects from normal subjects, the receiver operating curve (ROC) was calculated and then the area under the curve (AUC) was extracted. The best result was obtained for the LSI technique (AUC = 0.80 in SBC and AUC = 0.73 in NBC), which was followed by HSV (AUC = 0.72 in SBC and AUC = 0.71 in NBC). The best result for DWS was an AUC of 0.64 obtained for changes in vertical coma in SBC, whereas for NBC, the results were poorer. Noninvasive techniques of tear film surface assessment can be used for predicting dry eye, and such an assay can be achieved in NBC as well as SBC. In this study, LSI showed the best detection performance, closely followed by the dynamic-area HSV. The DWS technique was less powerful, particularly in NBC.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 09/2010; 52(2):751-6. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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    Article: Noninvasive in vivo assessment of soft contact lens type on tear film surface quality.
    Dorota H Szczesna-Iskander, D Robert Iskander, Scott A Read, David Alonso-Caneiro
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    ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of soft contact lens type on the in vivo tear film surface quality (TFSQ) on daily disposable lenses and to establish whether two recently developed techniques for noninvasive measurement of TFSQ can distinguish between different contact lens types. Thirteen subjects wearing four different types of daily soft contact lenses participated in the study. Dynamic area high-speed videokeratoscopy (HSV) and lateral shearing interferometry (LSI) were used to quantitatively assess TFSQ in natural blinking conditions in the morning soon after lens insertion and in the afternoon following 8 hours of lens wear. All considered contact lenses caused a significant reduction in TFSQ compared with bare eye measures. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the average TFSQ were also observed between all contact lens materials in LSI measurements and in the majority of dynamic area HSV measurements. The potential relationship between the contact lens parameters and the observed decline in the prelens TFSQ was explored. Noninvasive techniques of tear film surface assessment have the potential to discriminate contact lens type/material on eye. LSI was found to more effectively perform this discrimination than the dynamic area HSV technique.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 12/2011; 53(1):525-31. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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Keywords

artificial tears
 
blinks cause changes
 
cornea 20 s
 
dry eye
 
dry-eye syndrome
 
fast Fourier
 
healthy eye
 
healthy eyes
 
interference fringe pattern
 
interferometric method
 
lateral shearing technique
 
precorneal tear film
 
quantitatively estimate dynamic changes
 
sensitive method
 
tear film
 
tear film break-up
 
tear film stability
 
tear film structure
 
tear film surface
 
tears
 

Dorota H Szczesna