Article

From mice to macaques--animal models of HIV nervous system disease.

Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Current HIV Research (impact factor: 1.75). 08/2006; 4(3):293-305. pp.293-305
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Lentiviral diseases of animals have been recognized for over a century, long before HIV was recognized as the cause of AIDS. All lentiviruses cause neurological disease and productive virus replication in the CNS occurs exclusively in cells of macrophage lineage. The ability to molecularly engineer the inoculum virus, to sample the brain at many different time points from acute through terminal infection and to correlate in vivo with in vitro findings are significant advantages of animal models of HIV CNS disease. The lentiviruses can be divided into two pathogenetic groups--those that cause immunosuppression, including the lentiviruses of humans (HIV), non-human primates (SIV), cats (FIV), and cattle (BIV), and those that cause immunoproliferation, including the lentiviruses of horses (EIAV), sheep (OvLV) and goats (CAEV). Despite extensive study, no rodent lentivirus has been identified, prompting development of alternate strategies to study lentiviral pathogenesis using rodents. The immunosuppressive lentiviruses most closely recapitulate the disease manifestations of HIV infection, and both SIV and FIV have contributed significantly to our understanding of how HIV causes both central and peripheral nervous system disease.

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Keywords

animal models
 
cause immunoproliferation
 
cause immunosuppression
 
different time points
 
disease manifestations
 
EIAV
 
HIV causes
 
HIV CNS disease
 
HIV infection
 
horses
 
Lentiviral diseases
 
lentiviruses cause neurological disease
 
macrophage lineage
 
molecularly engineer
 
non-human primates
 
peripheral nervous system disease
 
productive virus replication
 
rodent lentivirus
 
study lentiviral pathogenesis
 
terminal infection