Article

Influence of small interfering RNA corresponding to ets homologous factor on senescence-associated modulation of prostate carcinogenesis.

Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (impact factor: 5.23). 01/2007; 5(12):3191-6. DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0570 pp.3191-6
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Senescence is thought to be an inherent tumor-suppressive mechanism. In the process of identifying senescence-associated genes, we found significant suppression of the ets homologous factor (EHF) in cancer cells in a state of DNA damage-induced senescence. In this study, we show that EHF provides substantial drug resistance in PC-3 prostate cancer cells by inhibiting senescence and cell cycle arrest. Knockdown of EHF by small interfering RNA inhibited cell proliferation and induced a premature cellular senescence characterized by hypophosphorylation of Rb and increased level of p27, with concomitant decreases of cyclin A, cdc2, and E2F1. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol analysis showed that transient EHF knockdown significantly decreased telomerase activity, whereas this activity was increased by overexpression of EHF. In vivo tumorigenesis analyses revealed that tumors derived from EHF knockdown cells were significantly smaller than those derived from control cells (P < 0.0001). Further, the preestablished tumors were reduced after the injection of small interfering RNA corresponding to EHF (P = 0.0122). Collectively, these observations indicate that aberrant expression of EHF and the subsequent disruption of p27-mediated senescence and telomerase activity is likely to contribute significantly to tumor progression, and furthermore that EHF might be a promising target for future cancer therapeutics.

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    Article: ETS transcription factor expression and conversion during prostate and breast cancer progression
    Dennis K Watson, David P Turner, Melissa N Scheiber, Victoria J Findlay, Patricia M Watson
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    ABSTRACT: ETS factors are known to act as positive or negative regulators of the expression of genes including those that control response to various signaling cascades, cellular proliferation, differentiation, hematopoiesis, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis, tissue remodeling, ECM composition and angiogenesis. During cancer progression, altered ETS gene expression disrupts the regulated control of many of these biological processes. Although it was originally observed that specific ETS factors function either as positive or negative regulators of transcription, it is now evident that the same ETS factor may function in reciprocal fashions, reflecting promoter and cell context specificities. This report will present a discussion of ETS factor expression during prostate and breast cancer progression and its functional roles in epithelial cell phenotypes. The ETS genes encode transcription factors that have independent activities but are likely to be part of an integrated network. While previous studies have focused on single ETS factors in the context of specific promoters, future studies should consider the functional impact of multiple ETS present within a specific cell type. The pattern of ETS expression within a single tissue is, not surprisingly, quite complex. Multiple ETS factors may be able to regulate the same genes, albeit at different magnitude or in different directions. Furthermore, the precise balance between cancer promotion and inhibition by ETS factors, which may differentially regulate specific target genes, can thus control its progression. These concepts form the basis of the hypothesis that "Ets conversion" plays a critical role during tumor progression. Examples supporting this hypothesis will be described.
    The Open Cancer Journal. 01/2010; 3:24-39.
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Keywords

aberrant expression
 
cancer cells
 
cell cycle arrest
 
control cells
 
DNA damage-induced senescence
 
EHF knockdown cells
 
ets homologous factor
 
future cancer therapeutics
 
inherent tumor-suppressive mechanism
 
PC-3 prostate cancer cells
 
preestablished tumors
 
premature cellular senescence
 
RNA corresponding
 
RNA inhibited cell proliferation
 
substantial drug resistance
 
telomerase activity
 
transient EHF knockdown
 
tumor progression
 
tumors
 
vivo tumorigenesis analyses
 

Chaehwa Park