Article

Predictors of smoking stage transitions for adolescent boys and girls.

Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Preventive Medicine (impact factor: 3.22). 07/2007; 44(6):485-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.02.011 pp.485-9
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Aim of this study was to identify predictors of transition from never smoking to smoking monthly or more often in a European sample of adolescents. To show whether predictors differed between genders, analyses were run for boys and girls separately.
From six European countries, 4055 never smokers participated at baseline (1998). One year later, respondents were asked to indicate their smoking status. Respondents were categorized as smoker (smoking monthly or more) or non-smoker (smoking less than monthly). The predictive qualities of predisposing, motivational and intentional concepts were assessed using logistic regression analyses.
Girls were more likely to be a smoker at follow-up. More spending money, modeling from parents and a higher intention to start smoking were predictive of smoking uptake in both genders. Boys were more likely to start smoking when perceiving less cons of smoking, drinking more alcohol and perceiving a social norm towards not smoking from parents. Girls experiencing higher social pressure to smoke from friends were more likely to start smoking.
Separate uptake prevention interventions for boys and girls do not seem warranted. Boys may benefit from a program also addressing other deviant behaviors. Girls should continue to be supplied with specific skills to resist social pressure.

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    Article: Smoking‐based selection and influence in gender‐segregated friendship networks: a social network analysis of adolescent smoking
    Liesbeth Mercken, Tom A.B. Snijders, Christian Steglich, Erkki Vertiainen, Hein De Vries
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Aims The main goal of this study was to examine differences between adolescent male and female friendship networks regarding smoking-based selection and influence processes using newly developed social network analysis methods that allow the current state of continuously changing friendship networks to act as a dynamic constraint for changes in smoking behaviour, while allowing current smoking behaviour to be simultaneously a dynamic constraint for changes in friendship networks.Design Longitudinal design with four measurements.Setting Nine junior high schools in Finland.Participants A total of 1163 adolescents (mean age = 13.6 years) who participated in the control group of the ESFA (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) study, including 605 males and 558 females.Measurements Smoking behaviour of adolescents, parents, siblings and friendship ties.Findings Smoking-based selection of friends was found in male as well as female networks. However, support for influence among friends was found only in female networks. Furthermore, females and males were both influenced by parental smoking behaviour.Conclusions In Finnish adolescents, both male and female smokers tend to select other smokers as friends but it appears that only females are influenced to smoke by their peer group. This suggests that prevention campaigns targeting resisting peer pressure may be more effective in adolescent girls than boys.
    Addiction 04/2010; 105(7):1280 - 1289. · 4.31 Impact Factor
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    Article: Smoking-based selection and influence in gender-segregated friendship networks: a social network analysis of adolescent smoking.
    Liesbeth Mercken, Tom A B Snijders, Christian Steglich, Erkki Vertiainen, Hein de Vries
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study was to examine differences between adolescent male and female friendship networks regarding smoking-based selection and influence processes using newly developed social network analysis methods that allow the current state of continuously changing friendship networks to act as a dynamic constraint for changes in smoking behaviour, while allowing current smoking behaviour to be simultaneously a dynamic constraint for changes in friendship networks. Longitudinal design with four measurements. Nine junior high schools in Finland. A total of 1163 adolescents (mean age = 13.6 years) who participated in the control group of the ESFA (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) study, including 605 males and 558 females. Smoking behaviour of adolescents, parents, siblings and friendship ties. Smoking-based selection of friends was found in male as well as female networks. However, support for influence among friends was found only in female networks. Furthermore, females and males were both influenced by parental smoking behaviour. In Finnish adolescents, both male and female smokers tend to select other smokers as friends but it appears that only females are influenced to smoke by their peer group. This suggests that prevention campaigns targeting resisting peer pressure may be more effective in adolescent girls than boys.
    Addiction 04/2010; 105(7):1280-9. · 4.31 Impact Factor
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Keywords

Boys
 
deviant behaviors
 
European countries
 
European sample
 
genders
 
higher intention
 
higher social pressure
 
logistic regression analyses
 
non-smoker
 
parents
 
predictive qualities
 
predictors
 
Separate uptake prevention interventions
 
smoking monthly
 
smoking status
 
smoking uptake
 
social pressure
 
specific skills
 
spending money
 
start smoking