Article

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of tacrolimus (FK506) after a single or repeated ocular instillation in rabbits.

Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (impact factor: 1.51). 07/2008; 24(3):309-19. DOI:10.1089/jop.2007.0083
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the ocular distribution of tacrolimus (FK506) and absorption into the systemic circulation after a single or repeated topical instillation of FK506 ophthalmic suspension in male New Zealand white rabbits.
In the single instillation study (group 1), 29.1-34.8 microL of a 0.1, 0.3, and 1% suspension was administered to each of the 15 rabbits. In the repeated instillation study (group 2), 27.1-39.5 microL of a 0.3% suspension was administered to 27 rabbits q.i.d. (i.e., at 3-h intervals) for 14 days. In the intravenous (i.v.) dose study (group 3), 1 mg/kg of FK506 was administered to 3 rabbits. The amount of FK506 was measured by using a competitive enzyme immunoassay.
The results for single and repeated instillation studies were similar. In the single instillation study, blood T(max) after an instillation of the 0.1, 0.3, and 1% suspensions (at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.0 hours) did not differ significantly among these doses. One (1) h after an instillation of the 1% suspension, ocular tissue concentrations, except the retina/choroid, vitreous body, and lens, were higher than the blood concentration (C(max): 2.7 ng/mL). In particular, concentrations in the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and anterior sclera were much higher than the blood concentration (148, 900, 120, and 145 ng/g tissue). In the repeated instillation study, concentrations in the blood and ocular tissues (except the lens) reached a steady state by the 7th day. In the i.v. dose study, AUC(0-24h) and T(1/2) were 1643 ng h/mL and 18.5 h, respectively.
The high-level distribution of FK506 was observed in the conjunctiva, which is desirable because the conjunctiva is the target tissue for pharmacologic effect (i.e., efficacy).

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  • Article: Ocular safety and pharmacokinetics study of FK506 suspension eye drops after corneal transplantation.
    Jin Yuan, Jia-jie Zhai, Xi Huang, Shi-you Zhou, Jia-qi Chen
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    ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitization, pharmacokinetics, and absorption of FK506 after corneal transplantation. New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into normal and corneal transplantation groups. Each group was divided into 5 subgroups--saline, blank matrix, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose, respectively. There were 10 rabbits in each subgroup. One drop (25 μL) of FK506 was administered topically to both eyes of the rabbits 4 times daily for 30 days. Thirty days later, 5 rabbits of each subgroup were sacrificed after the administration of the last dose. Both eyes were enucleated; the left eye was used for pathologic examination and the right eye for the determination of FK506 distribution. The other 5 rabbits in each subgroup were sacrificed 14 days after the former 5 rabbits were sacrificed, and their eyes were enucleated for pathologic examination and tissue distribution determination as the former 5 rabbits in each subgroup (the second batch). Fluorescein staining and local ocular reaction provided evidence that there were no significant differences between control and FK506-instilled eyes in the rabbit model at any of the tested doses. Histologic examination revealed no ocular abnormality in the rabbits instilled with any doses of FK506 eyedrop. The peak serum concentration (C(max)) of systemic absorption ranged from 4.31±0.79 ng/mL to 14.89±6.85 ng/mL. Our study suggests that up to 0.1% FK506 administered 4 times a day (q.i.d.) topically is safe for the rabbit eye. However, further safety studies are required in view of systemic adverse effects.
    Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics: the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12/2011; 28(2):153-8. · 1.46 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

1% suspension
 
1% suspensions
 
15 rabbits
 
3 rabbits
 
3-h intervals
 
7th day
 
anterior sclera
 
blood T(max)
 
competitive enzyme immunoassay
 
FK506 ophthalmic suspension
 
group 1
 
group 2
 
group 3
 
i.v. dose study
 
instillation studies
 
male New Zealand white rabbits
 
ocular tissue concentrations
 
repeated instillation study
 
single instillation study
 
steady state
 

Eriko Fujita