Article

Maternal periconceptional smoking and alcohol consumption and risk for select congenital anomalies.

Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology (impact factor: 2.27). 06/2008; 82(7):519-26. DOI:10.1002/bdra.20461 pp.519-26
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT This study examined the association between maternal smoking and alcohol use (including binge drinking) during the periconceptional period (i.e., 2 months before through 2 months after conception) and the risk of orofacial clefts, NTDs, and conotruncal heart defects in offspring.
Data were drawn from a population-based case-control study of fetuses and live-born infants among a cohort of California births between July 1999 and June 2003. The 1,355 cases comprised of 701 orofacial clefts, 337 NTDs, and 323 conotruncal heart defects. Information on smoking and alcohol consumption was obtained via telephone interviews with mothers of 1,355 (80% of eligibles) cases and 700 (77% of eligibles) nonmalformed, live-born controls.
Maternal smoking of five cigarettes or less per day was associated with reduced risks of NTDs (OR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.4), whereas the risk associated with higher cigarette consumption was lower for conotruncal heart defects (OR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.2). Maternal intake of alcohol less than 1 day per week was associated with a 1.6- to 2.1-fold higher risk of NTDs (95% CI: 0.9, 2.6), d-transposition of the great arteries (95% CI: 1.1, 3.2), and multiple cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) (95% CI: 0.8, 4.5). Risks associated with more frequent alcohol intake were 2.1 for NTDs (95% CI: 1.1, 4.0) and 2.6 for multiple CLP (95% CI: 1.1, 6.1).
This study observed that maternal alcohol intake increased the risk for d-transposition of the great arteries, NTDs, and multiple CLP in infants. By contrast, smoking was associated with a lower risk of NTDs and conotruncal heart defects.

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Keywords

1 day
 
2 months
 
2.1-fold higher risk
 
323 conotruncal heart defects
 
701 orofacial clefts
 
alcohol consumption
 
cigarettes
 
cleft palate
 
conotruncal heart defects
 
frequent alcohol intake
 
higher cigarette consumption
 
live-born controls
 
live-born infants
 
lower risk
 
maternal smoking
 
multiple cleft lip
 
multiple CLP
 
orofacial clefts
 
population-based case-control study
 
risks
 

Jagteshwar Grewal