Article

[New drugs; exenatide and sitagliptin].

Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden.
Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 05/2008; 152(15):876-9. pp.876-9
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Incretin hormones, secreted upon food intake, play an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the incretin response is decreased. Substitution of incretin is a novel pharmacological target which restores postprandial glucose homeostasis. Exenatide is a mimetic of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-I (GLP-I). Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which breaks down GLP-I. Both drugs increase the GLP-I concentration, thereby improving insulin secretion from pancreatic p cells, restoring glycaemic control, preventing beta cell destruction, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing food intake.

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Keywords

beta cell destruction
 
blood glucose levels
 
DPP-4
 
drugs increase
 
enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4
 
food intake
 
gastric emptying
 
glycaemic control
 
incretin
 
incretin glucagon-like peptide-I
 
Incretin hormones
 
incretin response
 
insulin secretion
 
novel pharmacological target
 
pancreatic p cells
 
restores postprandial glucose homeostasis
 
Substitution
 
type 2 diabetes mellitus