Article

Perceived discrimination and mental health symptoms among Black men with HIV.

Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology (impact factor: 1.36). 07/2011; 17(3):295-302. DOI:10.1037/a0024056 pp.295-302
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT People living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit more severe mental health symptoms, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, than do members of the general public. We examined whether perceived discrimination, which has been associated with poor mental health in prior research, contributes to greater depression and PTSD symptoms among HIV-positive Black men who have sex with men (MSM), who are at high risk for discrimination from multiple stigmatized characteristics (HIV-serostatus, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation). A total of 181 Black MSM living with HIV completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) that included measures of mental health symptoms (depression, PTSD) and scales assessing perceived discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. In bivariate tests, all three perceived discrimination scales were significantly associated with greater symptoms of depression and PTSD (i.e., reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal subscales; all p values < .05). The multivariate model for depression yielded a three-way interaction among all three discrimination types (p < .01), indicating that perceived racial discrimination was negatively associated with depression symptoms when considered in isolation from other forms of discrimination, but positively associated when all three types of discrimination were present. In multivariate tests, only perceived HIV-related discrimination was associated with PTSD symptoms (p < .05). Findings suggest that some types of perceived discrimination contribute to poor mental health among PLWH. Researchers need to take into account intersecting stigmata when developing interventions to improve mental health among PLWH.

0 0
 · 
1 Bookmark
 · 
32 Views
  • Article: Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: development and application of a slope difference test.
    Jeremy F Dawson, Andreas W Richter
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Researchers often use 3-way interactions in moderated multiple regression analysis to test the joint effect of 3 independent variables on a dependent variable. However, further probing of significant interaction terms varies considerably and is sometimes error prone. The authors developed a significance test for slope differences in 3-way interactions and illustrate its importance for testing psychological hypotheses. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that sample size, magnitude of the slope difference, and data reliability affected test power. Application of the test to published data yielded detection of some slope differences that were undetected by alternative probing techniques and led to changes of results and conclusions. The authors conclude by discussing the test's applicability for psychological research.
    Journal of Applied Psychology 08/2006; 91(4):917-26. · 4.31 Impact Factor
  • Article: Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States.
    E G Bing, M A Burnam, D Longshore, J A Fleishman, C D Sherbourne, A S London, B J Turner, F Eggan, R Beckman, B Vitiello, S C Morton, M Orlando, S A Bozzette, L Ortiz-Barron, M Shapiro
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: There have been no previous nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders and drug use among adults receiving care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in the United States. It is also not known which clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with these disorders. We enrolled a nationally representative probability sample of 2864 adults receiving care for HIV in the United States in 1996. Participants were administered a brief structured psychiatric instrument that screened for psychiatric disorders (major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorders, and panic attacks) and drug use during the previous 12 months. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with screening positive for any psychiatric disorder and drug dependence were examined in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Nearly half of the sample screened positive for a psychiatric disorder, nearly 40% reported using an illicit drug other than marijuana, and more than 12% screened positive for drug dependence during the previous 12 months. Factors independently associated with screening positive for a psychiatric disorder included number of HIV-related symptoms, illicit drug use, drug dependence, heavy alcohol use, and being unemployed or disabled. Factors independently associated with screening positive for drug dependence included having many HIV-related symptoms, being younger, being heterosexual, having frequent heavy alcohol use, and screening positive for a psychiatric disorder. Many people infected with HIV may also have psychiatric and/or drug dependence disorders. Clinicians may need to actively identify those at risk and work with policymakers to ensure the availability of appropriate care for these treatable disorders.
    Archives of General Psychiatry 09/2001; 58(8):721-8. · 12.02 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

account intersecting stigmata
 
arousal subscales
 
audio computer-assisted self-interviews
 
depression symptoms
 
general public
 
greater symptoms
 
HIV-positive Black men
 
HIV-related discrimination
 
included measures
 
mental health
 
mental health symptoms
 
multiple stigmatized characteristics
 
perceived racial discrimination
 
poor mental health
 
posttraumatic stress disorder
 
prior research
 
PTSD symptoms
 
severe mental health symptoms
 
three discrimination types
 
three-way interaction
 

Laura M Bogart