Article

Chlamydophila psittaci infections in turkeys: overview of economic and zoonotic importance and vaccine development.

Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain: 1998) (impact factor: 1.28). 11/2009; 45 Suppl B:147-50. pp.147-50
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT We provide evidence on the multifactorial infectious etiology of respiratory disease in turkeys. Although Chlamydophila psittaci is difficult to diagnose, this entity should not be neglected in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The present results suggest a pathogenic interplay between chlamydophila, avian metapneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Additionally, we demonstrate zoonotic transmission from turkeys to humans. Psittacosis due to contact with poultry probably occurs more often than is thought and the infection can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. There is no commercial C. psittaci vaccine available and currently the best option is an experimental major outer membrane protein-based DNA vaccine.

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    Article: Evidence of zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci transmission in a population at risk in Zulia state, Venezuela.
    Nailet Arraiz, Valmore Bermudez, Baldimiro Urdaneta, Endrina Mujica, María P Sanchez, Richard Mejía, Carem Prieto, Carolina Escalona, Andrea Mujica
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    ABSTRACT: Objective This study was aimed at investigating the frequency of infection by Cp. psittaci and determining its genotype in individuals at potential risk of exposure to the bacteria. Methodology The study involved 170 individuals: a risk group (n= 96) and a low-risk control group (n=74). Cp. psittaci was detected and genotyped by single-tube nested PCR and ompA gene sequencing. Results Eight (8.3 %) positive cases were detected in the risk group and 1 (1.4 %) in the control group (p<0.04). Cp. psittaci was found in 16.7 % of pigeons' fecal samples. Cp. psittaci infection with was more frequent in symptomatic (17.7 %) than asymptomatic (6.3 %) individuals in the risk group. Analysing the genomes isolated from human and bird specimens revealed the presence of genotype B. Conclusion The presence of Cp. psittaci genotype B in the population being evaluated could have been attributed to zoonotic transmission from pigeons to humans, an underestimated potential public health problem in Venezuela requiring the health authorities' involvement.
    Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia) 04/2012; 14(2):305-14.
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    Article: Natural cross chlamydial infection between livestock and free-living bird species.
    Jesús A Lemus, Juan A Fargallo, Pablo Vergara, Deseada Parejo, Eva Banda
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    ABSTRACT: The study of cross-species pathogen transmission is essential to understanding the epizootiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Avian chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease whose effects have been mainly investigated in humans, poultry and pet birds. It has been suggested that wild bird species play an important role as reservoirs for this disease. During a comparative health status survey in common (Falco tinnunculus) and lesser (Falco naumanni) kestrel populations in Spain, acute gammapathies were detected. We investigated whether gammapathies were associated with Chlamydiaceae infections. We recorded the prevalence of different Chlamydiaceae species in nestlings of both kestrel species in three different study areas. Chlamydophila psittaci serovar I (or Chlamydophila abortus), an ovine pathogen causing late-term abortions, was isolated from all the nestlings of both kestrel species in one of the three studied areas, a location with extensive ovine livestock enzootic of this atypical bacteria and where gammapathies were recorded. Serovar and genetic cluster analysis of the kestrel isolates from this area showed serovars A and C and the genetic cluster 1 and were different than those isolated from the other two areas. The serovar I in this area was also isolated from sheep abortions, sheep faeces, sheep stable dust, nest dust of both kestrel species, carrion beetles (Silphidae) and Orthoptera. This fact was not observed in other areas. In addition, we found kestrels to be infected by Chlamydia suis and Chlamydia muridarum, the first time these have been detected in birds. Our study evidences a pathogen transmission from ruminants to birds, highlighting the importance of this potential and unexplored mechanism of infection in an ecological context. On the other hand, it is reported a pathogen transmission from livestock to wildlife, revealing new and scarcely investigated anthropogenic threats for wild and endangered species.
    PLoS ONE 01/2010; 5(10):e13512. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Keywords

chlamydophila
 
Chlamydophila psittaci
 
commercial C. psittaci vaccine available
 
diagnose
 
experimental major outer membrane protein-based DNA vaccine
 
humans
 
multifactorial infectious etiology
 
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
 
present results
 
respiratory disease
 
veterinary diagnostic laboratories
 

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