Does the salience network play a cardinal role in psychosis? An emerging hypothesis of insular dysfunction.

Lena Palaniyappan, Peter F Liddle

Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Journal Article: Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN (impact factor: 3.58). 07/2011; 37(1):17-27. DOI: 10.1503/jpn.100176

Abstract

The insular cortex is one of the brain regions that show consistent abnormalities in both structural and functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia. In healthy individuals, the insula has been implicated in a myriad of physiologic functions. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula together constitute the salience network, an intrinsic large-scale network showing strong functional connectivity. Considering the insula as a functional unit along with the ACC provides an integrated understanding of the role of the insula in information processing. In this review, we bring together evidence from imaging studies to understand the role of the salience network in schizophrenia and propose a model of insular dysfunction in psychosis.

Source: PubMed

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Keywords

ACC
 
anterior cingulate cortex
 
functional neuroimaging studies
 
functional unit
 
information processing
 
insula
 
insular cortex
 
insular dysfunction
 
integrated understanding
 
myriad
 
physiologic functions
 
salience network
 
schizophrenia
 
show consistent abnormalities
 
strong functional connectivity