Article

Rapid particle size measurement using 3D surface imaging.

Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
AAPS PharmSciTech (impact factor: 1.43). 04/2011; 12(2):476-84. DOI:10.1208/s12249-011-9607-0 pp.476-84
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The present study introduces a new three-dimensional (3D) surface image analysis technique in which white light illumination from different incident angles is used to create 3D surfaces with a photometric approach. The three-dimensional features of the surface images created are then used in the characterization of particle size distributions of granules. This surface image analysis method is compared to sieve analysis and a particle sizing method based on spatial filtering technique with nearly 30 granule batches. The aim is also to evaluate the technique in flowability screening of granular materials. Overall, the new 3D imaging approach allows a rapid analysis of large amounts of sample and gives valuable visual information on the granule surfaces in terms of surface roughness and particle shape.

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  • Article: In-line moisture measurement during granulation with a four-wavelength near infrared sensor: an evaluation of particle size and binder effects.
    J Rantanen, E Räsänen, J Tenhunen, M Känsäkoski, J Mannermaa, J Yliruusi
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Factors affecting in-line near infrared (NIR) moisture measurement with a four-wavelength sensor were evaluated (choice of binder used in granulation liquid and the increase in particle size). An entire NIR spectrum is not necessary for the measurement of water, and often the use of only a few NIR wavelengths around the water band enables reliable and high-speed detection of moisture. Glass ballotini and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as model test materials. The binders studied were poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene] (PVP) and gelatin. Full off-line NIR spectra of test materials at different levels of binder solutions were measured. The major spectral features for both the binders were bands around 1700 nm (first overtones CH related stretches) and 2200 nm (combination bands). Gelatin also had an NH band around 1500 nm (first overtones of NH stretches) and combination bands at about 2050 nm. Particle size effects were observed as an increase in spectra baseline. All these factors should be considered when choosing NIR wavelengths used for detection of water with a fixed wavelength set-up. A robust calibration model enables the development of in-process control of wet granulation processes.
    European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 10/2000; 50(2):271-6. · 4.27 Impact Factor
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Keywords

characterization
 
different incident angles
 
granular materials
 
granules
 
large amounts
 
new three-dimensional
 
particle shape
 
particle size distributions
 
photometric approach
 
present study introduces
 
spatial
 
three-dimensional features
 
valuable visual information
 
white light illumination
 

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