Article

Prevention and treatment of papillomavirus-related cancers through immunization.

The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
Annual Review of Immunology (impact factor: 52.76). 04/2010; 29:111-38. DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101308
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Cervical and other anogenital cancers are initiated by infection with one of a small group of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Virus-like particle-based vaccines have recently been developed to prevent infection with two cancer-associated HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18) and have been ∼95% effective at preventing HPV-associated disease caused by these genotypes in virus-naive subjects. Although immunization induces virus-neutralizing antibody sufficient to prevent infection, persistence of antibody as measured by current assays does not appear necessary to maintain protection over time. Investigators have not identified a reliable surrogate immunological marker of protection against disease following immunization. The prophylactic vaccines are not therapeutic for existing infection. Trials of HPV-specific immunotherapy have shown some efficacy for existing disease, although animal modeling suggests that a combination of immunization and local enhancement of innate immunity may be necessary for optimal therapeutic outcome. HPV prophylactic vaccines are the first vaccines designed to prevent a human cancer and are the practical outcome of a global collaborative effort between basic and applied scientists, clinicians, and industry.

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    Article: Advances in Peptide-based Human Papillomavirus Therapeutic Vaccines.
    Tzu-Yu Liu, Waleed M Hussein, Istvan Toth, Mariusz Skwarczynski
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Keywords

animal modeling
 
cancer-associated HPV genotypes
 
current assays
 
efficacy
 
first vaccines
 
global collaborative effort
 
HPV
 
HPV prophylactic vaccines
 
HPV-associated disease
 
HPV-specific immunotherapy
 
human cancer
 
human papillomaviruses
 
immunization induces virus-neutralizing antibody sufficient
 
optimal therapeutic outcome
 
practical outcome
 
prophylactic vaccines
 
reliable surrogate immunological marker
 
small group
 
Virus-like particle-based vaccines
 
virus-naive subjects