Article

Novel soybean/gelatine-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foam: material properties and cell response.

Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
Acta biomaterialia (impact factor: 3.98). 12/2010; 7(4):1780-7. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.012 pp.1780-7
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Despite their known osteoconductivity, clinical use of calcium phosphate cements is limited both by their relatively slow rate of resorption and by rheological properties incompatible with injectability. Bone in-growth and material resorption have been improved by the development of porous calcium phosphate cements. However, injectable formulations have so far only been obtained through the addition of relatively toxic surfactants. The present work describes the response of osteoblasts to a novel injectable foamed bone cement based on a composite formulation including the bioactive foaming agents soybean and gelatine. The foaming properties of both defatted soybean and gelatine gels were exploited to develop a self-hardening soy/gelatine/hydroxyapatite composite foam able to retain porosity upon injection. After setting, the foamed paste produced a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite scaffold, showing good injectability and cohesion as well as interconnected porosity after injection. The intrinsic bioactivity of soybean and gelatine was shown to favour osteoblast adhesion and growth. These findings suggest that injectable, porous and bioactive calcium phosphate cements can be produced for bone regeneration through minimally invasive surgery.

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    Article: Calcium phosphate cements loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor: Delivery and in vitro cell response.
    Roman A Perez, Tae-Hyun Kim, Meeju Kim, Jun-Hyeog Jang, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Hae-Won Kim
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    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 09/2012; · 2.63 Impact Factor
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    ABSTRACT: The vast majority of materials used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are based on calcium phosphates due to their similarity with the mineral phase of natural bone. Among them, calcium phosphate cements, which are composed of a powder and a liquid that are mixed to obtain a moldable paste, are widely used. These calcium phosphate cement pastes can be injected using minimally invasive surgery and adapt to the shape of the defect, resulting in an entangled network of calcium phosphate crystals. Adding an organic phase to the calcium phosphate cement formulation is a very powerful strategy to enhance some of the properties of these materials. Adding some water-soluble biocompatible polymers in the calcium phosphate cement liquid or powder phase improves physicochemical and mechanical properties, such as injectability, cohesion, and toughness. Moreover, adding specific polymers can enhance the biological response and the resorption rate of the material. The goal of this study is to overview the most relevant advances in this field, focusing on the different types of polymers that have been used to enhance specific calcium phosphate cement properties.
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Keywords

bioactive calcium phosphate cements
 
bioactive foaming agents soybean
 
Bone in-growth
 
bone regeneration
 
calcium phosphate cements
 
composite formulation
 
defatted soybean
 
favour osteoblast adhesion
 
foamed paste
 
gelatine gels
 
injectable formulations
 
intrinsic bioactivity
 
known osteoconductivity
 
material resorption
 
minimally invasive surgery
 
novel injectable foamed bone cement
 
porous calcium phosphate cements
 
rheological properties incompatible
 
self-hardening soy/gelatine/hydroxyapatite composite foam able
 
toxic surfactants