Article

Prognosis of diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery compared with nondiabetics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China.
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia (impact factor: 1.06). 12/2010; 25(2):288-98. DOI:10.1053/j.jvca.2010.09.021 pp.288-98
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has remained uncertain due to conflicting conclusions from clinical trials measuring the association between diabetes and perioperative risk. Therefore, a quantitative meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the available evidence from prospective and historic cohort clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance and magnitude of impact of DM on mortality, morbidity and resource-related outcomes for patients undergoing CABG over the past few decades and in the contemporary setting.
MEDILINE, EMBase, BIOSIS Preview, CBMDisc, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched, supplemented by hand search, without language limitations, for studies published from January 1981 to October 2008. Data extraction included study design, setting, inclusion/exclusion criteria, population characteristics, statistical method, length of follow-up and clinical outcomes. Eligible studies were assessed for quality.
Of the 132 identified studies, 24 cohort studies with a median follow-up of 4.3 years were selected for analysis. A total of 100,217 patients (28,168 with DM and 72,049 without DM), were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR (95% CI) for mortality of diabetic versus non-diabetic patients was significantly increased at 30 days (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39, 1.93), 1 year (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.56, 2.15), 3 years (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.58, 2.09), 5 years (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.53, 1.79) and 10 years (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.43, 1.68) after CABG. Significant differences were also found for DM versus non-DM patients post-CABG for perioperative cerebrovascular accidents (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.31, 1.77), postoperative acute renal failure (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.48, 1.79), sternal infection (RR; 1.70, 95% CI 1.41-2.04) and blood transfusion (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.08, 1.21). No significant differences were found for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and re-exploration for bleeding. Insufficient and/or heterogeneous data did not allow for pooled analysis of ventilator time, ICU stay, angina recurrence, repeat revascularization, hospital stay and hospital costs.
Current evidence suggests that patients with DM who are undergoing CABG are at increased risk of mortality, stroke, renal failure, sternal infection and blood transfusion when compared to those without DM. This increased relative risk for perioperative mortality and complications has remained, despite evolving definitions of DM and practice patterns. Future randomized studies should focus on interventions targeted toward these complications to mitigate the risk for patients with DM.

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    Article: Post-operative atrial fibrillation: a maze of mechanisms.
    Bart Maesen, Jan Nijs, Jos Maessen, Maurits Allessie, Ulrich Schotten
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    ABSTRACT: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most frequent complications of cardiac surgery and an important predictor of patient morbidity as well as of prolonged hospitalization. It significantly increases costs for hospitalization. Insights into the pathophysiological factors causing POAF have been provided by both experimental and clinical investigations and show that POAF is 'multi-factorial'. Facilitating factors in the mechanism of the arrhythmia can be classified as acute factors caused by the surgical intervention and chronic factors related to structural heart disease and ageing of the heart. Furthermore, some proarrhythmic mechanisms specifically occur in the setting of POAF. For example, inflammation and beta-adrenergic activation have been shown to play a prominent role in POAF, while these mechanisms are less important in non-surgical AF. More recently, it has been shown that atrial fibrosis and the presence of an electrophysiological substrate capable of maintaining AF also promote the arrhythmia, indicating that POAF has some proarrhythmic mechanisms in common with other forms of AF. The clinical setting of POAF offers numerous opportunities to study its mechanisms. During cardiac surgery, biopsies can be taken and detailed electrophysiological measurements can be performed. Furthermore, the specific time course of POAF, with the delayed onset and the transient character of the arrhythmia, also provides important insight into its mechanisms. This review discusses the mechanistic interaction between predisposing factors and the electrophysiological mechanisms resulting in POAF and their therapeutic implications.
    Europace 08/2011; 14(2):159-74. · 1.98 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

24 cohort studies
 
angina recurrence
 
BIOSIS Preview
 
clinical trials
 
Data extraction
 
Future randomized studies
 
heterogeneous data
 
historic cohort clinical trials
 
inclusion/exclusion criteria
 
increased relative risk
 
non-DM patients post-CABG
 
patients undergoing CABG
 
patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft
 
perioperative cerebrovascular accidents
 
perioperative mortality
 
perioperative risk
 
postoperative acute renal failure
 
postoperative atrial fibrillation
 
practice patterns
 
WanFang databases
 

Xuena Zhang