Article

Assessment of hematuria.

Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5339 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA.
The Medical clinics of North America (impact factor: 2.18). 01/2011; 95(1):153-9. DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.028 pp.153-9
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The most common causes of hematuria in adults include urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, benign prostatic enlargement, and urologic malignancy. Once hematuria is confirmed, its cause should be investigated through a comprehensive history, a focused physical examination, laboratory studies, an image-based assessment of the upper urinary tract, and a cystoscopic evaluation of the lower urinary system. Prompt evaluation and appropriate referral of patients with documented hematuria should be initiated in the primary care setting according to the proposed guidelines, and aimed at cost-effective and early detection of urologic abnormality.

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Keywords

appropriate referral
 
benign prostatic enlargement
 
common causes
 
cystoscopic evaluation
 
detection
 
focused physical examination
 
image-based assessment
 
lower urinary system
 
primary care
 
proposed guidelines
 
urinary tract infections