Article

Concomitant deletions of tumor suppressor genes MEN1 and AIP are essential for the pathogenesis of the brown fat tumor hibernoma.

Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (impact factor: 9.68). 11/2010; 107(49):21122-7. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1013512107 pp.21122-7
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Hibernomas are benign tumors with morphological features resembling brown fat. They consistently display cytogenetic rearrangements, typically translocations, involving chromosome band 11q13. Here we demonstrate that these aberrations are associated with concomitant deletions of AIP and MEN1, tumor suppressor genes that are located 3 Mb apart and that underlie the hereditary syndromes pituitary adenoma predisposition and multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. MEN1 and AIP displayed a low expression in hibernomas whereas the expression of genes up-regulated in brown fat--PPARA, PPARG, PPARGC1A, and UCP1--was high. Thus, loss of MEN1 and AIP is likely to be pathogenetically essential for hibernoma development. Simultaneous loss of two tumor suppressor genes has not previously been shown to result from a neoplasia-associated translocation. Furthermore, in contrast to the prevailing assumption that benign tumors harbor relatively few genetic aberrations, the present analyses demonstrate that a considerable number of chromosome breaks are involved in the pathogenesis of hibernoma.

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    Article: The p.R16H (C.47G>A) AIP gene variant in a case with invasive non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma and Screening of a Control Cohort
    I. Baciu, S. Radian, C. Capatina, I. Botusan, D. Aflorei, C. Stancu, A. Dumitrascu, V. Ciubotaru, M. Coculescu
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Background. Germline aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations are found in familial isolated pituitary adenoma syndrome (FIPA) families and in a small number of sporadic pituitary adenoma (PA) patients. Although the tumorigenic mechanisms of AIP mutations are unclear, truncating mutations are considered pathogenic, but missense mutations are difficult to evaluate. p.R16H (c.47G>A) is a controversial AIP variant of unknown significance. Aim. To describe a new PA case associated with AIP p.R16H. Patients and methods. One AIP p.R16H non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) case identified by mutation sequencing screening of sporadic PA patients; 108 controls were screened for p.R16H. Results. The 38 yrs old male NFPA patient had no family history of PA and harboured a heterozygous p.R16H variant. The proband and two brothers presented severe intellectual disability. Severe visual impairment was the initial symptom and clinical, biochemical and imaging examination demonstrated a large NFPA invading the right cavernous sinus. After transsphenoidal debulking, the remaining tumor continued growth. One of proband’s sisters was negative for p.R16H. Among controls, we identified one heterozygous p.R16H carrier, presenting a thyroid follicular neoplasm. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of the pituitary and thyroid tumors was not performed. Conclusions. We report two new occurrences of AIP p.R16H, associated with a NFPA and with a thyroid tumor. The NFPA patient was young and presented an invasive macroadenoma, features typical of AIP-mutated patients. Because the association between p.R16H and PAs has not been conclusively established, further research of p.R16H is warranted, in view of its implications for AIP genetic testing.
    Acta Endocrinologica-Bucharest. 01/2013; IX(1):97-108.
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Keywords

AIP
 
brown fat
 
chromosome band 11q13
 
concomitant deletions
 
considerable number
 
genes up-regulated
 
hereditary syndromes pituitary adenoma predisposition
 
Hibernomas
 
morphological features
 
multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. MEN1
 
neoplasia-associated translocation
 
pathogenetically essential
 
PPARGC1A
 
present analyses
 
prevailing assumption
 
Simultaneous loss
 

Karolin H Nord