Article

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the allergenic potential of tomato.

Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor Echtermeyer Weg, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany.
Mycorrhiza (impact factor: 2.63). 11/2010; 21(5):341-9. DOI:10.1007/s00572-010-0345-z pp.341-9
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi influence the expression of defence-related genes in roots and can cause systemic resistance in plants probably due to the induced expression of specific defence proteins. Among the different groups of defence proteins, plant food allergens were identified. We hypothesized that tomato-allergic patients differently react to tomatoes derived from plants inoculated or not by mycorrhizal fungi. To test this, two tomato genotypes, wild-type 76R and a nearly isogenic mycorrhizal mutant RMC, were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae or not under conditions similar to horticultural practice. Under such conditions, the AM fungus showed only a very low colonisation rate, but still was able to increase shoot growth of the wild-type 76R. Nearly no colonisation was observed in the mutant RMC, and shoot development was also not affected. Root fresh weights were diminished in AM-inoculated plants of both genotypes compared to the corresponding controls. No mycorrhizal effects were observed on the biomass and the concentration of phosphate and nitrogen in fruits. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that six among eight genes encoding for putative allergens showed a significant induced RNA accumulation in fruits of AM-colonised plants. However, human skin reactivity tests using mixed samples of tomato fruits from the AM-inoculated and control plants showed no differences. Our data indicate that AM colonisation under conditions close to horticultural practice can induce the expression of allergen-encoding genes in fruits, but this does not lead necessarily to a higher allergenic potential.

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    Article: The arbuscular mycorrhizal status has an impact on the transcriptome profile and amino acid composition of tomato fruit.
    Alessandra Salvioli, Inès Zouari, Michel Chalot, Paola Bonfante
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the most widespread association between plant roots and fungi in natural and agricultural ecosystems. This work investigated the influence of mycorrhization on the economically relevant part of the tomato plant, by analyzing its impact on the physiology of the fruit. To this aim, a combination of phenological observations, transcriptomics (Microarrays and qRT-PCR) and biochemical analyses was used to unravel the changes that occur on fruits from Micro-Tom tomato plants colonized by the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. Mycorrhization accelerated the flowering and fruit development and increased the fruit yield. Eleven transcripts were differentially regulated in the fruit upon mycorrhization, and the mycorrhiza-responsive genes resulted to be involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in regulation and signal transduction. Mycorrhization has increased the amino acid abundance in the fruit from mycorrhizal plants, with glutamine and asparagine being the most responsive amino acids. The obtained results offer novel data on the systemic changes that are induced by the establishment of AM symbiosis in the plant, and confirm the work hypothesis that AM fungi may extend their influence from the root to the fruit.
    BMC Plant Biology 03/2012; 12:44. · 3.45 Impact Factor
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Keywords

AM-colonised plants
 
AM-inoculated plants
 
Arbuscular mycorrhizal
 
control plants
 
different groups
 
fungus Glomus mosseae
 
higher allergenic potential
 
human skin reactivity tests
 
induced expression
 
isogenic mycorrhizal mutant RMC
 
low colonisation rate
 
mutant RMC
 
plant food allergens
 
plants
 
plants inoculated
 
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis
 
Root fresh weights
 
significant induced RNA accumulation
 
specific defence proteins
 
tomato genotypes