Article

Environmental factors and social adjustment as predictors of a first psychosis in subjects at ultra high risk.

Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Biological Psychiatry (impact factor: 8.28). 09/2010; 125(1):69-76. DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2010.09.007 pp.69-76
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The onset of schizophrenia is associated with genetic, symptomatic, social and environmental risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine which environmental factors may contribute to a prediction of a first psychotic episode in subjects at Ultra High Risk (UHR) for developing psychosis.
We included 72 UHR subjects and followed them over a period of 36 months, of whom nineteen (26.4%) made a transition to psychosis. We applied survival analyses to determine associations between a transition to psychosis and environmental factors and social adjustment. To determine which items are the best predictors of transition to a first psychotic episode, Cox Regression analyses were applied.
Urbanicity, receiving state benefits and poor premorbid adjustment (PMA) significantly influenced the transition to psychosis. Urbanicity (Wald=10.096, p=.001, HR=30.97), social-sexual aspects (Wald=8.795, p=.003, HR=1.91) and social-personal adjustment (Wald=10.794, p=.001, HR=4.26) appeared to be predictors for developing psychosis in our UHR group.
Environmental characteristics and social adjustment are predictive of transition to a psychosis in subjects at UHR. These characteristics should be implemented in a model for prediction of psychosis. Such a model would be more specific than current models and may lead to patient-specific preventive interventions.

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    Article: The Psychosis High-Risk State: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review.
    Paolo Fusar-Poli, Stefan Borgwardt, Andreas Bechdolf, Jean Addington, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Matcheri Keshavan, Stephen Wood, Stephan Ruhrmann, Larry J Seidman, [......], Lieuwe De Haan, Barbara Cornblatt, Ilaria Bonoldi, Max Birchwood, Thomas McGlashan, William Carpenter, Patrick McGorry, Joachim Klosterkötter, Philip McGuire, Alison Yung
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    ABSTRACT: CONTEXT During the past 2 decades, a major transition in the clinical characterization of psychotic disorders has occurred. The construct of a clinical high-risk (HR) state for psychosis has evolved to capture the prepsychotic phase, describing people presenting with potentially prodromal symptoms. The importance of this HR state has been increasingly recognized to such an extent that a new syndrome is being considered as a diagnostic category in the DSM-5. OBJECTIVE To reframe the HR state in a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the progress that has been made while also recognizing the challenges that remain. DATA SOURCES Available HR research of the past 20 years from PubMed, books, meetings, abstracts, and international conferences. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Critical review of HR studies addressing historical development, inclusion criteria, epidemiologic research, transition criteria, outcomes, clinical and functional characteristics, neurocognition, neuroimaging, predictors of psychosis development, treatment trials, socioeconomic aspects, nosography, and future challenges in the field. DATA SYNTHESIS Relevant articles retrieved in the literature search were discussed by a large group of leading worldwide experts in the field. The core results are presented after consensus and are summarized in illustrative tables and figures. CONCLUSIONS The relatively new field of HR research in psychosis is exciting. It has the potential to shed light on the development of major psychotic disorders and to alter their course. It also provides a rationale for service provision to those in need of help who could not previously access it and the possibility of changing trajectories for those with vulnerability to psychotic illnesses.
    Archives of general psychiatry 11/2012; · 12.26 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

72 UHR subjects
 
characteristics
 
Cox Regression analyses
 
current models
 
Environmental characteristics
 
environmental factors
 
environmental risk factors
 
first psychotic episode
 
items
 
patient-specific preventive interventions
 
poor premorbid adjustment
 
psychosis
 
schizophrenia
 
social adjustment
 
social-personal adjustment
 
social-sexual aspects
 
specific
 
state benefits
 
survival analyses
 
Ultra