Article

Plasmodesmata: gateways to local and systemic virus infection.

John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (impact factor: 4.43). 11/2010; 23(11):1403-12. DOI:10.1094/MPMI-05-10-0116 pp.1403-12
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT As channels that provide cell-to-cell connectivity, plasmodesmata are central to the local and systemic spread of viruses in plants. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the structure and function of these channels and the ways in which viruses bring about functional changes that allow macromolecular trafficking to occur. Despite the passing of two decades since the first identification of a viral movement protein that mediates these changes, our understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms remains in its infancy. However, viral movement proteins provide valuable tools for the modification of plasmodesmata and will continue to assist in the dissection of plasmodesmal properties in relation to their core roles in cell-to-cell communication.

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    Article: Tubule-guided cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus requires class XI myosin motors.
    Khalid Amari, Alexander Lerich, Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger, Valerian V Dolja, Christophe Ritzenthaler
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses occurs via plasmodesmata (PD), organelles that evolved to facilitate intercellular communications. Viral movement proteins (MP) modify PD to allow passage of the virus particles or nucleoproteins. This passage occurs via several distinct mechanisms one of which is MP-dependent formation of the tubules that traverse PD and provide a conduit for virion translocation. The MP of tubule-forming viruses including Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) recruit the plant PD receptors called Plasmodesmata Located Proteins (PDLP) to mediate tubule assembly and virus movement. Here we show that PDLP1 is transported to PD through a specific route within the secretory pathway in a myosin-dependent manner. This transport relies primarily on the class XI myosins XI-K and XI-2. Inactivation of these myosins using dominant negative inhibition results in mislocalization of PDLP and MP and suppression of GFLV movement. We also found that the proper targeting of specific markers of the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, PD, lipid raft subdomains within the plasma membrane, and the tonoplast was not affected by myosin XI-K inhibition. However, the normal tonoplast dynamics required myosin XI-K activity. These results reveal a new pathway of the myosin-dependent protein trafficking to PD that is hijacked by GFLV to promote tubule-guided transport of this virus between plant cells.
    PLoS Pathogens 10/2011; 7(10):e1002327. · 9.13 Impact Factor
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Keywords

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current state
 
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functional changes
 
plasmodesmal properties
 
provide cell-to-cell connectivity
 
relevant molecular mechanisms
 
review discusses
 
systemic spread
 
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viral movement protein
 
viral movement proteins