Article

Long-term efficacy and tolerability of clozapine combined with ziprasidone or risperidone.

Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Pharmacopsychiatry (impact factor: 2.07). 08/2010; 43(6):216-20. DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1254089
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Treatment resistance in schizophrenia often leads to add-on of atypical antipsychotics to clozapine.
In a randomized trial, we recently obtained evidence for comparable efficacy and differential side effects of clozapine in combination with ziprasidone (CZ, N=12) versus risperidone (CR, N=12). Here, we present the open-label, long-term evaluations of these patients after 26 and 52 weeks.
Sustained improvements of psychopathology as assessed by PANSS (positive and negative syndrome scale), SANS (scale for the assessment of negative symptoms), and HAMD (Hamilton depression scale) were documented in both subsamples being treated according to protocol, while dropouts reduced the study sample after 26 (CZ: reduced by -4; CR: -2) and 52 weeks (CZ: -0; CR: -5). We observed a slight increase of akathisia in the CZ group whereas general clozapine-associated side effects improved.
The combinations of clozapine with ziprasidone or risperidone exhibit long-term efficacy, but the level of evidence is limited. Further head-to-head comparisons of atypical antipsychotics as add-on to clozapine are necessary.

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    Article: Double-blind comparison of ziprasidone and risperidone in the treatment of Chinese patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
    Hongyan Zhang, Huafang Li, Liang Shu, Niufan Gu, Gang Wang, Yongzhen Weng, Shiping Xie, Xinbao Zhang, Ting Li, Cui Ma, Wei Yu, Bruce Parsons, Manjula Schou
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone versus risperidone in Chinese subjects with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. In patients meeting the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders criteria for schizophrenia and with a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score ≥60 were randomly assigned to six weeks of double-blind treatment with ziprasidone 40-80 mg twice daily or risperidone 1-3 mg bid, flexibly dosed. Noninferiority was demonstrated if the upper limit of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in PANSS total score improvement from baseline in the evaluable population was smaller than the prespecified noninferiority margin of 10 units. The intent-to-treat population comprised 118 ziprasidone-treated and 121 risperidone-treated subjects. Improvement (reduction) from baseline to week 6 in PANSS total score was (-35.6 [95% CI: -38.6, -32.6]) for ziprasidone and (-37.1 [95% CI: -39.9, -34.4]) for risperidone. Noninferiority was demonstrated in the evaluable population with a difference score of 1.5 [95% CI: -2.5, 5.5]. Mean prolactin levels decreased at week 6 compared with baseline for ziprasidone (-3.5 ng/mL), but significantly increased for risperidone (61.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001). More risperidone-treated subjects (14.9%) than ziprasidone-treated subjects (4.2%) reported weight gain ≥7%. Akathisia and somnolence in the ziprasidone group and akathisia and insomnia in the risperidone group were the most common side effects. Treatment-related/treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 79.7% and 71.1% of ziprasidone-treated and risperidone-treated subjects, respectively. In Chinese subjects, ziprasidone was as effective as risperidone, with less weight gain and less prolactin elevation.
    Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 01/2011; 7:77-85. · 1.81 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

clozapine
 
comparable efficacy
 
CZ
 
CZ group
 
differential side effects
 
general clozapine-associated side effects
 
long-term evaluations
 
negative symptoms
 
negative syndrome scale
 
open-label
 
PANSS
 
randomized trial
 
risperidone exhibit long-term efficacy
 
schizophrenia
 
slight increase
 
study sample
 
subsamples
 
Sustained improvements
 
Treatment resistance
 
ziprasidone