Article

Occupational trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome with human herpesvirus-6 and cytomegalovirus reactivation.

Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Dermatology (impact factor: 2.05). 08/2010; 221(1):17-22. DOI:10.1159/000290775 pp.17-22
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Patients having a generalised rash with severe liver dysfunction associated with exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) have been reported mainly in Asian countries. However, no case has been reported in Japan since the 1990s. Here, we describe a case of hypersensitivity syndrome (HS) caused by TCE in a 30-year-old Japanese man. The patient developed a rash, fever and liver dysfunction 21 days after he had been exposed to TCE at his workplace. Serum human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA were detected 4 and 7 weeks, respectively, after the onset; the IgG antibody titres to HHV-6 and CMV were significantly elevated 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, after the onset. Patch testing was positive for the metabolites of TCE (i.e. trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid and chloral hydrate) but not for TCE itself; these results suggest that the TCE metabolites induced this disease. Human leucocyte antigen-B*1301, which has been reported to be strongly associated with TCE-induced HS, was identified in this patient. In addition, the clinical findings, laboratory data and period of virus reactivation after onset were quite similar to those of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS). We also review TCE-induced HS from the viewpoint of the similarity to DIHS in this article.

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    Article: Drug Induced Hypersensitivity and the HLA Complex
    Alfirevic Ana, Pirmohamed Munir
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions are of major concern and present a burden for national healthcare systems due to their often severe nature, high rate of hospital admissions and high mortality. They manifest with a wide range of symptoms and signs, and can be initiated by a wide range of structurally diverse chemical compounds. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity reactions are not well understood, but it is thought that they are immune mediated. MHC region on Chromosome 6 contains many genes with immune function. Classical MHC molecules are highly polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins whose function is to present peptide antigens to T cells. In addition to conferring protection from some diseases, HLA alleles are also associated with an increased risk of other diseases, including drug-induced hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenetic approach to predict the risk of drug-induced hypersensitivity has been established for several drugs. We will discuss the progress of hypersensitivity pharmacogenetics over the last few years and focus on current efforts of the international community to develop consortia which aim to standardize disease phenotypes and to identify affected individuals through international collaborations. In addition, we will discuss the clinical utility of HLA typing as predictive or diagnostic testing for drug-induced hypersensitivity.
    Pharmaceuticals. 01/2010;
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Keywords

30-year-old Japanese man
 
7 weeks
 
9 weeks
 
Asian countries
 
chloral hydrate
 
clinical findings
 
DIHS
 
drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome
 
HS
 
hypersensitivity syndrome
 
laboratory data
 
liver dysfunction 21 days
 
Patch testing
 
Patients
 
Serum human herpesvirus
 
severe liver dysfunction
 
TCE metabolites induced
 
TCE-induced HS
 
trichloroacetic acid
 
virus reactivation