Article

High-frequency oscillations in epileptic brain.

Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Current opinion in neurology (impact factor: 5.43). 02/2010; 23(2):151-6. DOI:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283373ac8
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT It has been 10 years since pathological high-frequency oscillations (pHFOs) were described in the brain of epileptic animals and patients. This review summarizes progress in research on mechanisms of their generation and potential clinical applications over that period.
Initially, pHFOs were recorded with microelectrodes in the hippocampus of rodents and patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), but recently pHFOs have also been recorded with clinical depth and grid electrodes in multiple brain areas including the hippocampus and neocortex of patients with different types of epilepsy. One hypothesis is that pHFOs reflect fields of hypersynchronized action potentials (bursts of population spikes) within small discrete neuronal clusters responsible for seizure generation. Studies suggest that pHFOs can be used as a reliable biomarker for epileptogenesis, epileptogenicity, and the delineation of the epileptogenic region.
Recording of pHFOs with clinical electrodes provides a means for further investigation of their functional role in the epileptic brain and as a potential biomarker of epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity and for presurgical mapping.

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    Article: Clinical utility of interictal high-frequency oscillations recorded with subdural macroelectrodes in partial epilepsy.
    Jounhong Ryan Cho, Eun Yeon Joo, Dae Lim Koo, Seung Chyul Hong, Seung Bong Hong
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    ABSTRACT: There is growing interest in high-frequency oscillations (HFO) as electrophysiological biomarkers of the epileptic brain. We evaluated the clinical utility of interictal HFO events, especially their occurrence rates, by comparing the spatial distribution with a clinically determined epileptogenic zone by using subdural macroelectrodes. We obtained intracranial electroencephalogram data with a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz sampling rate, 0.05-500 Hz band-pass filter) from seven patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Three epochs of 5-minute, artifact-free data were selected randomly from the interictal period. HFO candidates were first detected by an automated algorithm and subsequently screened to discard false detections. Validated events were further categorized as fast ripple (FR) and ripple (R) according to their spectral profiles. The occurrence rate of HFOs was calculated for each electrode contact. An HFO events distribution map (EDM) was constructed for each patient to allow visualization of the spatial distribution of their HFO events. The subdural macroelectrodes were capable of detecting both R and FR events from the epileptic neocortex. The occurrence rate of HFO events, both FR and R, was significantly higher in the seizure onset zone (SOZ) than in other brain regions. Patient-specific HFO EDMs can facilitate the identification of the location of HFO-generating tissue, and comparison with findings from ictal recordings can provide additional useful information regarding the epileptogenic zone. The distribution of interictal HFOs was reasonably consistent with the SOZ. The detection of HFO events and construction of spatial distribution maps appears to be useful for the presurgical mapping of the epileptogenic zone.
    Journal of Clinical Neurology 03/2012; 8(1):22-34. · 1.69 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

clinical depth
 
clinical electrodes
 
epilepsy
 
epileptic animals
 
epileptogenicity
 
fields
 
functional role
 
grid electrodes
 
hypersynchronized action potentials
 
mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
 
pathological high-frequency oscillations
 
patients
 
pHFOs
 
population spikes
 
potential biomarker
 
potential clinical applications
 
reliable biomarker
 
review summarizes progress
 
small discrete neuronal clusters responsible