Article

Formation of a Spherical Lens at Optical Fiber Ends with a CO(2) Laser.

Applied Optics (impact factor: 1.41). 02/1975; 14(2):294-8. pp.294-8
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT A study was made of the use of a CO(2) laser for producing a hemispherical lens at the end of a fiber. When the fiber end is heated to the softening points of the material, it tends to become spherical in shape due to surface tension. A one-dimensional heat conduction model for the fiber can reasonably predict the required laser power for a given pulse length to produce lenses on fibers made of various kinds of materials. A He-Ne laser beam was coupled into a fiber to investigate the properties of the spherical lens. We also observed that such lens can couple light from a source into the fiber, can be used for imaging, and can focus enough laser intensity for machining various materials.

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    Article: High temperature elasticity measurements on oxides by Brillouin spectroscopy with resistive and IR laser heating
    Stanislav V. Sinogeikin, Dmitry L. Lakshtanov, Jason D. Nicholas, Jennifer M. Jackson, Jay D. Bass
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    ABSTRACT: Knowledge of single crystal and aggregate elastic moduli of materials at high temperature is important in the development of high-temperature structural ceramics as well as for other areas of material sciences. Sound velocities, and hence elastic moduli, can be readily measured on micro-crystals, polycrystalline aggregates and amorphous materials using Brillouin scattering. We have developed techniques for determining the elastic moduli at high temperatures, using both electric resistive heating (to 1800 K) and CO2 laser heating (to T > 2500 K). The full set of elastic constants of transparent oxides at high temperatures can be measured on samples with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 20 μm or even smaller. Compact resistance heaters of our design were used to study the temperature dependence of the elastic moduli of a variety of crystalline oxides and glasses, and can be used to observe high-temperature phase transitions involving elastic softening. The combination of Brillouin scattering with CO2 laser heating allows measurements of the elastic moduli of oxides at even higher temperatures, approaching the melting points of refractory materials. The acoustic velocities of single-crystal MgO were measured to a maximum temperature exceeding 2500 ± 100 K. Both Brillouin and Raman measurements were performed on CO2 laser-heated samples of single-crystal α-Al2O3 to temperatures exceeding 2000 ± 100 K. Our results show that Brillouin scattering coupled with CO2 laser heating is a viable means of performing sound velocity measurements at temperatures significantly higher than those readily made using resistance heating.
    Journal of the European Ceramic Society.
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Keywords

fibers
 
given pulse length
 
He-Ne laser beam
 
hemispherical lens
 
laser intensity
 
lens
 
lenses
 
machining various materials
 
one-dimensional heat conduction model
 
required laser power
 
softening points
 
spherical lens
 
surface tension
 

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