Article

Thymoquinone enhances the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic rats.

Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubeya, Egypt.
Research in Veterinary Science (impact factor: 1.65). 11/2009; 88(3):400-4. DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.10.008 pp.400-4
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glycemic control using thymoquinone (TQ) on energy metabolism related enzymes in leukocytes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The treatment of both TQ and insulin commenced 4weeks after induction of diabetes. Plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly reduced after TQ treatment, whereas immunoreactive insulin (IRI) showed significant increase. The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of peripheral blood leukocytes were significantly higher in rats treated with TQ and insulin as compared to that in diabetic controls. On the other hand the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) showed no significant changes between groups. ML ratio (cytosolic MDH/LDH specific activity ratio) was restored to those in the control rats. The results of this study demonstrate that TQ significantly increased insulin level and the activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH in leukocytes of STZ-diabetic rats.

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    Article: Maternal supplementation of diabetic mice with thymoquinone protects their offspring from abnormal obesity and diabetes by modulating their lipid profile and free radical production and restoring lymphocyte proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling.
    Badr G, Mahmoud MH, Farhat K, Waly H, Zin Al-Abdin O, Rabah DM
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    ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that the offspring of mothers who experience diabetes mellitus during pregnancy are seven times more likely to develop health complications than the offspring of mothers who do not suffer from diabetes during pregnancy. The present study was designed to investigate whether supplementation of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic pregnant mice with thymoquinone (TQ) during pregnancy and lactation improves the risk of developing diabetic complications acquired by their offspring. METHODS: Three groups of pregnant female mice were used: non-diabetic control dams (CD), diabetic dams (DD), and diabetic dams supplemented with TQ (DD + TQ) during pregnancy and lactation (n = 10 female mice in each group). RESULTS: Our data demonstrated a marked decrease in the number of neonates born to DD, and these neonates showed a marked increase in their mean body weight (macrosomic pups) compared to those born to CD and DD + TQ. The induction of diabetes during pregnancy and lactation resulted in macrosomic pups with several postpartum complications, such as a marked increase in their levels of blood glucose, free radicals, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), and lipids, and a tendency toward abnormal obesity compared to the offspring of CD. By contrast, macrosomic offspring born to DD exhibited a marked reduction in plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, -4 and -7), an obvious reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, decreased proliferation of superantigen (SEB)-stimulated lymphocytes and aberrant AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, the supplementation of DD with TQ during pregnancy and lactation had an obvious and significant effect on the number and mean body weight of neonates. Furthermore, TQ significantly restored the levels of blood glucose, insulin, free radicals, plasma cytokines, and lipids as well as lymphocyte proliferation in the offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the nutritional supplementation of DD with the natural antioxidant TQ during pregnancy and lactation protects their offspring from developing diabetic complications and preserves an efficient lymphocyte immune response later in life.
    Lipids in Health and Disease 03/2013; 12(1):37. · 2.17 Impact Factor
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Keywords

control rats
 
cytosolic MDH/LDH specific activity ratio
 
diabetic controls
 
energy metabolism
 
glycemic control
 
immunoreactive insulin
 
insulin commenced 4weeks
 
insulin level
 
lactic dehydrogenase
 
malate dehydrogenase
 
MDH
 
mitochondrial MDH
 
ML ratio
 
peripheral blood leukocytes
 
Plasma glucose
 
significant changes
 
STZ)-induced diabetic rats
 
STZ-diabetic rats
 
TQ treatment
 
triglycerides levels
 

Khalid M Fararh