Article

Reduced prediagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in women with breast cancer: a nested case-control study.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers &amp Prevention (impact factor: 4.12). 10/2009; 18(10):2655-60. DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0531
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Vitamin D status may affect risk of cancer. In a cross-sectional study with a nested case-control analysis, we determined whether risk of breast cancer is associated with prediagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and the effects of lifestyle characteristics known to influence vitamin D status on risk of breast cancer. We studied women without a prior history of breast cancer referred to a diagnostic mammography examination (n = 2,465). Cases were women diagnosed with an incident breast cancer (n = 142). Controls were women not diagnosed with a breast cancer matched to cases on age, menopausal status, and time of year of blood sampling (n = 420). Characteristics of cases and controls were assessed by a self-administrated questionnaire. Blood samples were collected prior to the diagnostic mammography examination. Cases had lower plasma 25OHD levels than controls. Compared with the lowest tertile of 25OHD levels, risk of breast cancer was significantly reduced among women in the highest tertile (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.85). Risk estimates were similar in women with an estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Use of vitamin D supplements, sunbathing frequency, and fish intake was associated with 25OHD levels, but did not affect the risk of breast cancer. Accordingly, risk of breast cancer was inversely associated with 25OHD levels. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in order to assess whether a causal relationship exists.

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Keywords

25OHD levels
 
95% confidence interval
 
Blood samples
 
blood sampling
 
cross-sectional study
 
diagnostic mammography examination
 
estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
 
estrogen receptor-positive
 
highest tertile
 
incident breast cancer
 
influence vitamin D status
 
lowest tertile
 
nested case-control analysis
 
prediagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D
 
prior history
 
Randomized
 
relative risk
 
self-administrated questionnaire
 
Vitamin D status
 
vitamin D supplements