Article

Validation of skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis in children with severe cerebral palsy: a review.

Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) (impact factor: 3.27). 09/2009; 29(2):217-21. DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.07.009 pp.217-21
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Accurately measuring nutritional status in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) is a challenge. This review seeks to assess the validity of skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for measuring body composition in children with severe CP.
We executed a literature search on the validation of both methods in children with severe CP. To be eligible for inclusion, a study had to report on a statistical comparison between these two methods and any method of reference. The QUADAS tool was used for quality assessment.
The search strategy resulted in 1549 studies of which 5 studies eventually met the inclusion criteria. When comparing body composition outcomes of skinfold measurements to a reference method, correlation coefficients were found ranging from 0.406 to 0.988. Correlation coefficients between body composition data of BIA and a reference method ranged from 0.515 to 0.95.
Although a number of authors found favorable agreement between skinfold measurements and BIA in comparison with reference methods, the small numbers studied, the lack of methodological quality measured by QUADAS, and the use of inappropriate analytical methods hamper solid conclusions.

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    Article: Measuring body composition and energy expenditure in children with severe neurologic impairment and intellectual disability.
    Rob Rieken, Johannes B van Goudoever, Henk Schierbeek, Sten P Willemsen, Elsbeth A C Calis, Dick Tibboel, Heleen M Evenhuis, Corine Penning
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Accurate prediction equations for estimating body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) in children with severe neurologic impairment and intellectual disability are currently lacking. The objective was to develop group-specific equations to predict body composition by using skinfold-thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and to predict TEE by using data on mobility, epilepsy, and muscle tone. Measures of body composition with the use of skinfold-thickness measurements (percentage of body fat) and BIA (total body water) were compared with those from isotope dilution (reference method) by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland and Altman limits of agreement analyses. With the use of the same methods, the outcomes of cerebral palsy-specific TEE equations were compared with those of the doubly labeled water method (reference method). Group-specific regression equations were developed by using forward-stepwise-multiple-correlation-regression analyses. Sixty-one children with a mean (±SD) age of 10.1 ± 4.3 y (32 boys) were studied. A new equation based on the sum of 4 skinfold-thickness measurements did not improve agreement (n = 49; ICC = 0.61), whereas the newly developed BIA equation-which includes tibia length as an alternative for standing height-did improve agreement (n = 61; ICC = 0.96, SEE = 1.7 kg, R(2) = 0.92). The newly developed TEE equation, which uses body composition, performed better (n = 52; ICC = 0.87, SEE = 180 kcal, R(2) = 0.77) than did the equation of Schofield (n = 52; ICC = 0.82, SEE = 207 kcal, R(2) = 0.69). Current cerebral palsy-specific equations for measuring body composition and energy expenditure are inaccurate. BIA is more accurate at assessing nutritional status in this population than is the measurement of skinfold thickness. The newly developed TEE equation, which uses body composition, provides a reasonable estimate of energy expenditure in these children despite its variability.
    American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 09/2011; 94(3):759-66. · 6.67 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

0.988. Correlation coefficients
 
5 studies
 
BIA
 
bioelectrical impedance analysis
 
body composition
 
body composition data
 
body composition outcomes
 
correlation coefficients
 
inappropriate analytical methods hamper solid conclusions
 
inclusion criteria
 
QUADAS tool
 
reference method
 
reference methods
 
severe cerebral palsy
 
severe CP
 
skinfold measurements
 
small numbers
 
statistical comparison
 
two methods
 
validation