Article

Salmonella induces prominent gene expression in the rat colon

BMC Microbiology 01/2007;
Source: DOAJ

ABSTRACT Abstract

Background

Salmonella enteritidis is suggested to translocate in the small intestine. In vivo it induces gene expression changes in the ileal mucosa and Peyer's patches. Stimulation of Salmonella translocation by dietary prebiotics fermented in colon suggests involvement of the colon as well. However, effects of Salmonella on colonic gene expression in vivo are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize time dependent Salmonella -induced changes of colonic mucosal gene expression in rats using whole genome microarrays. For this, rats were orally infected with Salmonella enteritidis to mimic a foodborne infection and colonic gene expression was determined at days 1, 3 and 6 post-infection (n = 8 rats per time-point). As fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) affect colonic physiology, we analyzed colonic mucosal gene expression of FOS-fed versus cellulose-fed rats infected with Salmonella in a separate experiment. Colonic mucosal samples were isolated at day 2 post-infection.

Results

Salmonella affected transport (e.g. Chloride channel calcium activated 6, H+/K+ transporting Atp-ase), antimicrobial defense (e.g. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, Defensin 5 and phospholipase A2), inflammation (e.g. calprotectin), oxidative stress related genes (e.g. Dual oxidase 2 and Glutathione peroxidase 2) and Proteolysis (e.g. Ubiquitin D and Proteosome subunit beta type 9). Furthermore, Salmonella translocation increased serum IFNγ and many interferon-related genes in colonic mucosa. The gene most strongly induced by Salmonella infection was Pancreatitis Associated Protein ( Pap ), showing >100-fold induction at day 6 after oral infection. Results were confirmed by Q-PCR in individual rats. Stimulation of Salmonella translocation by dietary FOS was accompanied by enhancement of the Salmonella -induced mucosal processes, not by induction of other processes.

Conclusion

We conclude that the colon is a target tissue for Salmonella , considering the abundant changes in mucosal gene expression.

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Keywords

antimicrobial defense
 
Chloride channel calcium activated 6
 
colonic gene expression
 
colonic mucosa
 
colonic mucosal gene expression
 
Colonic mucosal samples
 
colonic physiology
 
day 2 post-infection
 
day 6
 
dietary FOS
 
foodborne infection
 
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
 
oral infection
 
oxidative stress
 
phospholipase A2
 
Proteosome subunit beta type 9
 
Salmonella -induced mucosal processes
 
Salmonella enteritidis
 
Salmonella infection
 
whole genome microarrays