Article

Health related physical fitness of school children (6 to 10 years) from Azores Islands, Portugal

Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano 01/2004;
Source: DOAJ

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The purposes of this research were: (1) to investigate health related physical fitness (HPF) of school children (6 to 10 years) from Azores islands, Portugal, and to (2) analyse sex differences in each age. The sample comprised 3742 children of both sexes, residents in Azores islands, Portugal. Twenty-five percent of the children in each gender and age in each island were evaluated with FITNESSGRAM: 1-mile run/walk, curl-ups, push-ups, trunk lift and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m-2). Data were analysed as follow: χ2 to test the differences in ratio of success/failure in each age group; factorial ANOVA gender*age) to test the differences between age groups and gender; discriminant function to test the presence of multivariate profiles of HPF in age natural groups. The ratios of success in both boys and girls were low. In girls there was a substantial decrease of ratio of success between 6 and 10 years of age. Among 10-year-old girls the global ratio of success was only 18%. In boys, the ratios of success had also a tendency to decrease along age. Among 10-years-old boys the global ratio of success was 39%. Boys had better performance in all tests than girls of all ages. Discriminant function analyses indicated that there were a low percentage of children classified in their natural age groups. Although there were children with HPF level advanced for their natural age groups, there were a considerable number of children with HPF level lower than the expected for their own age.
RESUMO Pretendeu-se (1) conhecer os níveis da aptidão física associada à saúde (ApFS) da população escolar de 6 a 10 anos de idade do arquipélago dos Açores, Portugal e (2) analisar as diferenças entre os sexos ao longo da idade. A amostra foi constituída por 3742 crianças, de ambos os sexos, residentes no arquipélago dos Açores. A avaliação da ApFS foi efectuada de acordo com a bateria de testes FITNESSGRAM: corrida/marcha da milha, curl-ups, push-ups, trunk lift e índice de massa corporal (kg/m-2). Foram utilizados os procedimentos usuais para descrever as variáveis, bem como: χ2 para testar as diferenças entre os sexos nas taxas de sucesso em cada grupo etário; ANOVA factorial (sexo*idade) para testar as diferenças entre grupos etários e entre os géneros sexuais; função discriminante para verificar a presença de perfis multivariados da ApFS em cada grupo etário. As taxas de sucesso quer dos meninos e das meninas são baixas. Em ambos os sexos ocorre um decréscimo acentuado do sucesso ao longo de idade. Nas meninas, aos 10 anos, a taxa de sucesso global em todas as provas é somente de 18%, enquanto que nos meninos é de 39%. Em todas as provas os meninos apresentam desempenhos médios superiores aos das meninas, qualquer que seja a idade. Embora haja crianças com perfil de ApFS correspondente a faixas etárias mais elevadas, existe um número muito elevado de crianças de ambos os sexos com perfil de ApFS abaixo do que seria de esperar para a sua idade.

0 0
 · 
0 Bookmarks
 · 
37 Views
  • Article: Age changes in motor skills during childhood and adolescence.
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Reports dating back to the 1920s have unequivocally established that efficiency of movement improves during infancy and childhood, and generally through adolescence. The inclination from 1940 to 1960 to record movement in quantitative values has given way during the last two decades to a reemphasis of qualitative assessment. Investigators commonly agree that movement skills change in an orderly manner, but controversy continues over the degree of accuracy obtainable with the various descriptive forms, and over the utility of products resulting from such assessments. Comparison of the quantitative changes in movement skills of children is difficult because standardized procedures of test administration have not been applied. When comparisons are possible because of similar or identical testing protocols, improvement in selected motor tests is evident in both boys and girls until adolescence. At approximately 13 years of age the performance of girls in some tests reaches a plateau, and may even decline thereafter, while boys continue to improve in skills requiring strength, power, and muscular endurance. Exceptions to these generalizations occurred in arm and shoulder girdle muscular endurance, as measured by the flexed-arm hang, where boys had superior performances beginning at age 7, and in flexibility, as measured by the sit and reach test, where girls excelled at age 5 and thereafter. Stability of motor performance was greater for tasks that required all-out effort than for those emphasizing accuracy or total body coordination. Relationships between successive measures taken during early and middle childhood are likely to decline more rapidly than those taken after adolescence. Girls generally were more stable in motor performance than boys, except in the Motor Performance Study, where the values for boys across a range of 5 to 6 years were clearly more stable. This review underscores the need for careful documentation of the conditions under which data on motor performance are obtained. Numerous reports were examined and excluded by the authors because information that would have qualified the data for comparative analysis was not available. Essential ingredients in such reports are descriptions of the sampling techniques and the manner of calculating chronological ages, socioeconomic status, ethnic and racial characteristics, evidence of secular changes, geographic and environmental characteristics, and a detailed account of the testing procedures. Differences in maturational age for a given chronological age, and accompanying assumptions about body size, may account for differences in motor skills that might otherwise be attributed to changes in p
    Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 02/1984; 12:467-520. · 4.49 Impact Factor
  • Article: One-mile run performance and body mass index in Asian and Pacific Islander youth: passing rates for the FITNESSGRAM.
    Research quarterly for exercise and sport 03/1998; 69(1):89-93. · 1.49 Impact Factor
  • Article: Are American children and youth fit?
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: We analyzed data from the National School Population Fitness Survey (Reiff et al., 1986) and data collected by the authors of the original study to assess the fitness of American children and youth based on the results of additional analyses. We then compared the numbers of children and youth meeting norm-referenced standards to numbers meeting recently adopted criterion-referenced health (CRH) standards for individual test items in the FITNESSGRAM (Institute for Aerobics Research, 1987) and AAHPERD Physical Best (AAHPERD, 1988) test batteries. The number of children and youth meeting CRH standards for multiple items in a test battery was also determined. Finally, data were analyzed to determine if changes in fitness have occurred among American children and youth over recent decades. Our results suggest that, with the exception of measures of arm and shoulder girdle strength/endurance, more children and youth meet criterion-referenced health standards than norm-referenced standards (50th percentile) and the majority of American children and youth meet CRH standards for individual test items. However, the majority of American children and youth cannot meet the CRH standards for a battery of items for either of the two batteries studied. A second look at decade to decade comparisons of fitness produced evidence that questions the idea that youth are less fit now than in previous years.
    Research quarterly for exercise and sport 07/1992; 63(2):96-106. · 1.49 Impact Factor

Full-text (2 Sources)

View
6 Downloads
Available from
28 Nov 2012

Keywords

10-year-old girls
 
10-years-old boys
 
age groups
 
age natural groups
 
ANOVA factorial
 
arquipélago dos Açores
 
bateria de testes FITNESSGRAM
 
bem como
 
body mass index
 
corrida/marcha da milha
 
de ambos os sexos
 
discriminant function
 
e índice de massa corporal
 
Em ambos os sexos ocorre
 
Em todas
 
HPF level lower
 
low percentage
 
natural age groups
 
RESUMO Pretendeu-se
 
taxa de sucesso global em todas