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The effect of zeolites on copper uptake by plants growing in contaminated soils
Abstract
Three-year pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with the aim of reducing the copper content in the 2nd link of the soil-plant-animal (man) trophic chain. For this purpose, synthetic zeolites of the 3A, 4A, 5A and 13X type were introduced into copper contaminated soils at levels of 1, 2 and 3% by weight in relation to the soil mass. Mono- and dicotyledonous plants were cultivated in mixtures of soils with the zeolites. The copper content in lettuce grown in the contaminated soil decreased in the presence of zeolites by 29–77%, in grass by 41–78%, in oats by 45–64% and in beets by 21–41%, as compared to the control.
... The experimental hypothesis of this work is based on the earlier experience of the authors on reducing the incorporation of heavy metals in the trophic chain by minimising their uptake from soils by plants and the results of other researchers examining the elimination of these elements from polluted waters [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. At present several various methods of elimination of heavy metals from water, based on the sorption phenomena, are characterised and used in practice. ...
... Processes 2021, 9, 812 ...
The unique and outstanding physical and chemical properties of aluminosilicate minerals, including zeolites, make them extremely useful in remediation processes. That is due to their demonstrated high efficiency, inexpensiveness, and environmental friendliness in processes aimed on the elimination of heavy metals from water. The paper reports the results of the examination of selectivity of the tested clay minerals and zeolites toward different heavy metals in light of the postulated sorption mechanisms. It was stated that while the most efficient at concurrent removal of lead and copper from aqueous solutions were synthetic zeolites 3A and 10A, smectite was the best in dealing with prolonged pollution with Pb2+ and Cu2+. Determined as one of the parameters in DKR isotherm energy of the process for each combination of sorbate and sorbent, it showed that the dominant mechanism of adsorption on the tested mineral sorbents was physisorption. The exception was kaolinite, for which that energy implied ion exchange as the dominant mechanism of the process.
... Many studies concerning the addition of natural zeolites to soil have shown little or no effect on the availability of copper [129][130][131]. With regards to Cu uptake, no significant effect was recorded, although other authors have reported inhibition of Cu and other PTEs (e.g., Cr, Zn and Cd) uptake by lettuce, spinach and parsley after zeolite application [132,133]. ...
The proper management of treated agricultural wastes (e.g., composts) contributes to the protection of water and soil quality by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, lowering leachate, and protecting renewable and nonrenewable resources. Natural zeolites, particularly clinoptilolite, can be used in agriculture to improve soil quality and increase yields due to their unique properties. The objective of the study was to test the effects of the co-addition of compost, zeolite and ammonium-based fertilizer on the Above-ground Fresh Weight (AFW) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), leaf nutrients and soil fertility. To this aim, a soil pot experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Science of Athens, which is located in the region of Attica, in the area of central Greece. Two levels of olive compost originated from olive leaves (0% and 10% v/v), three levels of zeolite (0%, 2%, and 5% w/w) and two levels of chemical fertilization (no fertilization and NPK fertilization) were combined. Furthermore, two different soils were introduced, one moderately acidic (pH = 5.6) and sandy loam in texture (Ac-LT), and the other slightly alkaline (pH = 7.7) and sandy clay in texture (Al-HT). Results showed that the response of lettuce yield to chemical fertilization and zeolite application is soil type-dependent, whereas compost application significantly improved AFW in both soil types. The availability of macronutrients (P, K, and Na) in the soil, as well as their concentration in leaves, were significantly increased by NPK fertilization in most cases. Conversely, the impact of inorganic fertilization on DTPA extractable micronutrients and leaf micronutrient contents was found to be associated with the type of soil. The study recorded a significant reduction in available Fe, Cu, and Mn in AL-HT soil, whereas DTPA-Mn and -Zn were significantly enhanced in Ac-LT soil. Comparable patterns were also documented for the micronutrient concentration in leaves. In most cases, compost application had significant and beneficial effects on plant nutrients. On the contrary, different responses of soil properties to compost addition were registered. The main effect of compost treatment on soil pH, EC, SOM, total N, and available P was significant and positive in both soil types, except for pH and EC in Al-HT soil. On the other hand, exchangeable K and Na were significantly reduced by compost. Zeolite substantially increased the availability of P, K, and Na in soil and plants, whereas the concentrations of DTPA-extractable micronutrients and leaf macronutrients were largely unaffected. In addition, the results of our study indicated that co-additions of organic and inorganic amendments did not yield any significant impact on the lettuce yield, leaf nutrient content and soil fertility. It is suggested that the degree of changes in main soil properties (e.g., pH, EC, SOM) as a result of amendment application as well as the interaction of the amendments with nutrient availability are strongly related to soil type.
... The possibilities of the efficient removal of heavy metals from polluted waters and of the limiting of the inclusion of heavy metals to the food chain at the level of plants-soils interactions was the subject of numerous studies, also performed by the authors of this work [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Those findings were at the basis of the experimental hypothesis of this research, which assumed that natural and synthetic aluminosilicate minerals were highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly materials in removal of heavy metals from water. ...
Natural and synthetic aluminosilicate minerals, in particular zeolites, are considered to be very useful in remediation processes, such as purification of waters polluted with heavy metals. That is due to their unique and outstanding physico-chemical properties, rendering them highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly sorbents of various environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to examine the sorption capacity of four selected zeolites: A natural zeolite and three synthetic zeolites (3A, 10A, and 13X), towards zinc and cadmium present in multicomponent aqueous solutions, in relation to identified sorption mechanisms. It was stated that synthetic zeolites 3A and 10A were the most efficient in simultaneous removal of zinc and cadmium from aqueous solutions. Additionally, zeolite 10A was demonstrated to be the mineral best coping with prolonged pollution of water with those elements. The mechanism of sorption identified for tested minerals was physisorption.
A review, with 61 refs, of uses of mol. sieves for controlled release of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, deodorization of animal excrements, removal of heavy metals from soil and underground water, improvement of fodders, mineralization of pesticides and degrdn. of polymers.
Root accumulation of ⁰⁴ Cu from labelled Cu(NO 3 ) 2 in intact ‘Mandarin Orange’ ( Citrus reticulata ) seedlings had a constant rate for the first 15 min and then became curvilinear for periods from 15 to 180 min, when the ambient solution contained 0.6 ppm Cu. Over a 60‐min contact time uptake of Cu was linear for ambient Cu concentration range from 0.3 to 1.2 ppm. Extraction of ⁶⁴ Cu in roots by 0.1 N HCl was linearly proportional to total root Cu and was 95% complete after 28 min. Colloidal phosphate reduced ⁶⁴ Cu accumulation in the roots by 12%. In roots of ‘Sour Orange’ ( C. aurantium ) seedlings grown in solution culture and in groves Cu was located in thin sections by ferrocyanide staining. Concentration of Cu occurred in the exodermis, endodermis, and pericycle cells. Electromicrographs of citrus roots suffering from Cu toxicity showed irregular deformation of cell walls in xylem vessels. In such cases roots became club shaped as root elongation ceased. Reactions of Cu with protein are suggested as mechanisms for Cu accumulation in roots.
Three-year pot experiments, carried out in a greenhouse, and laboratory investigations proved that the introduction of synthetic zeolites into lead-contaminated soils led to a reduction in the lead content of plants and thus contributed to a reduction in lead in the nutrient cycle. Lettuce leaves grown on a lead-contaminated soil amended with zeolites were 49–73% lower in Pb content than those on soils with no zeolites added.For grasses, these reductions were 47–77%, for the aboveground parts of oats 58–68%, for beet leaves 62%, and for beet roots 26–83%.
Patent notification No
- B Gworek
- M Borowiak
Sorbenty cząsteczkowe
- B Woszek
Sorbenty cz?steczkowe. Wyd. ?Chemia?
- B Woszek
- B. Woszek