Article
[Levosimendan, a new inotropic drug: experience in children with acute heart failure].
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos UCI 35, Recuperación Cardiovascular, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Archivos argentinos de pediatría (impact factor:
0.37).
05/2009;
107(2):139-45.
DOI:10.1590/S0325-00752009000200008
pp.139-45
Source: PubMed
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Article: Heart rate independence of catecholamine-induced myocardial damage in the newborn pig.
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ABSTRACT: Neonates undergoing heart surgery are exposed to high levels of circulating catecholamines. Our objective was to determine to what extent epinephrine (E)-related cardiotoxicity can be attributed to induced tachycardia. We assessed left ventricle function by pressure-volume data obtained by conductance catheter/micromanometer technique and correlated it with ultrastructure in newborn piglets (3 to 7 d old). Group A (n = 6) received E (1 microgram/kg/min) for 2 h, whereas group B piglets (n = 6) were atrially paced at a rate (220/min) matched to group A. Left ventricle peak systolic pressure and stroke work were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group A. End-systolic elastance increased during E infusion (70%) versus no significant change in group B. After 2 h of E infusion, end-systolic elastance was significantly reduced in group A from 9.8 +/- 3.5 to 5 +/- 2.4 mm Hg/mL (p < 0.05). Chamber stiffness index increased during E infusion from 0.36 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.3 mL-1 (p < 0.05) and remained elevated (0.58 +/- 0.2 mL-1) after E infusion was discontinued versus no change in group B. E-induced left ventricle dysfunction was associated with scattered but irreversible ultrastructural changes consisting of sarcolemmal rupture and loss of mitochondrial architecture, whereas only minor reversible changes such as microvesicular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial swelling were seen in group B. We conclude that E cardiotoxicity in the neonate is independent of induced tachycardia.Pediatric Research 07/1994; 36(1 Pt 1):49-54. · 2.70 Impact Factor -
Article: Age-related response to epinephrine-induced myocardial stress. A functional and ultrastructural study.
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ABSTRACT: Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function before, during, and after a 2-hour intravenous infusion of epinephrine at either 0.5 micrograms/kg/min or 2 micrograms/kg/min were assessed by pressure-volume data obtained by conductance catheter micromanometer technique and correlated with cardiac ultrastructure and plasma levels of epinephrine in neonatal (3-5 days old, n = 12) versus adult (3-4 months old, n = 11) pigs. Administration of epinephrine at 0.5 micrograms/kg/min resulted in an increase in end-systolic elastance (Ees) only in adults, whereas at 2.0 micrograms/kg/min Ees increased in both groups. After 2-hour administration of epinephrine at 2.0 micrograms/kg/min, Ees decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) from the preinfusion baseline value of 8.9 +/- 2 (mean +/- SD) to 5 +/- 1.7 mm Hg/ml, and a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in left ventricular volume elasticity (VdP/dV) from 0.4 +/- 0.02 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 mm Hg occurred in neonates versus no change from baseline in either Ees or VdP/dV in the adults. These changes in the neonates were associated with sarcolemmal rupture and mitochondrial Ca2+ granule deposition versus normal cardiac ultrastructure in the adults. We conclude that the neonatal myocardium is more susceptible to cardiotoxicity from circulating epinephrine.Circulation 12/1991; 84(5 Suppl):III394-9. · 14.74 Impact Factor -
Article: Milrinone: systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects in neonates after cardiac surgery.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of intravenous milrinone in neonates with low cardiac output after cardiac surgery. Prospective cohort study. Pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Ten neonates with low cardiac output (cardiac index of < or = 3.0 L/min/m2) after corrective cardiac surgery were enrolled in the study. The neonates' ages ranged from 3 to 27 days (median 5) and their weights ranged from 2.0 to 4.8 kg (median 3.7). The diagnoses were: transposition of the great arteries (n = 6, including two with ventricular septal defect), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 2), truncus arteriosus (n = 1), and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (n = 1). Milrinone was intravenously administered in three stages: a) baseline stage, in which patients had a stable hemodynamic status, ventilation and gas exchange, hemostasis, and body temperature; b) loading stage, in which a 50 microgram/kg intravenous loading dose of milrinone was administered over 15 mins; and c) infusion stage, in which milrinone was continuously infused at 0.50 microgram/kg/min for 30 mins. The mean heart rate increased after the loading stage (149 +/- 13 to 163 +/- 12 beats/min, p < .01) but slowed during the infusion stage (154 +/- 11 beats/min, p < .01 vs. loading stage). Both right and left atrial pressures were lowered in all ten neonates. Compared with baseline, mean arterial pressure decreased after the loading stage (66 +/- 12 to 57 +/- 10 mm Hg, p < .01) but did not decrease further at the infusion stage (59 +/- 12 mm Hg); changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure were comparable. Cardiac index increased from a baseline mean of 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 (p < .01) with the loading stage, and was maintained at 3.1 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2 during the infusion stage. Systemic vascular resistance index decreased below baseline values with loading, from 2136 +/- 432 to 1336 +/- 400 dyne.sec/cm5.m2 (p < .01), and pulmonary vascular resistance index also decreased with loading dose of milrinone, from 488 +/- 160 to 360 +/- 120 dyne.sec/cm5.m2 (p < .01). There was no change in the rate pressure index, an indirect measurement of myocardial oxygen consumption, throughout the study. Administration of milrinone in neonates with low cardiac output after cardiac surgery lowers filling pressures, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, while improving cardiac index. Milrinone increases heart rate without altering myocardial oxygen consumption. While milrinone appears to be effective and safe during short-term use, the relative distribution of inotropic and vasodilatory properties of milrinone remains to be elucidated.Critical Care Medicine 12/1995; 23(11):1907-14. · 6.33 Impact Factor
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Keywords
18 opportunities
24 h IV infusion
6 microg/kg
9/18 interventions
bidimensional echocardiogram
cardiac output
cardiac surgery
clinical evaluation
fifteen minutes period
harmful side effects
independent observers
inotropic score
IV infusion
laboratory tests
LEVO administration
LEVO infusion
low cardiac output syndrome
Open prospective
pediatric patients
refractory post-surgical low cardiac output syndrome