Article

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in obesity-related hypertension.

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
Current Hypertension Reports (impact factor: 2.5). 07/2009; 11(3):206-11. pp.206-11
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Obesity is recognized as a major health problem throughout the world. Excess weight is a major cause of increased blood pressure in most patients with essential hypertension and greatly increases the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and end-stage renal disease. Although the mechanisms by which obesity raises blood pressure are not completely understood, increased renal sodium reabsorption, impaired pressure natriuresis, and volume expansion appear to play important roles. Several potential mechanisms have been suggested to contribute to altered kidney function and hypertension in obesity, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as physical compression of the kidneys, especially when visceral obesity is present. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system in obesity may be due, in part, to hyperleptinemia and other factors secreted by adipocytes and the gastrointestinal tract, activation of the central nervous system melanocortin pathway, and baroreceptor dysfunction.

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Keywords

Activation
 
adipocytes
 
baroreceptor dysfunction
 
blood pressure
 
cardiovascular diseases
 
central nervous system melanocortin pathway
 
end-stage renal disease
 
Excess weight
 
factors secreted
 
hyperleptinemia
 
increases
 
kidney function
 
kidneys
 
major health problem
 
potential mechanisms
 
renal sodium reabsorption
 
sympathetic nervous system
 
visceral obesity
 
volume expansion