Article

The impact of nutritional fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation on early human adipose tissue development. Rationale and design of the INFAT study.

Else Kroner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (impact factor: 2.26). 04/2009; 54(2):97-103. DOI:10.1159/000209267 pp.97-103
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Recent observational studies suggest that mean birth weight and body fat growth in the first year of life have increased continuously over the last decades. Both elevated birth weight and early fat mass are potential risk factors for childhood obesity. Experimental and limited clinical data suggest that the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (FAs) during pregnancy is critical for early adipose tissue growth. The aim of this randomized controlled study is to examine the effect of the supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FAs and reduction in the n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet of pregnant women/breast-feeding mothers on adipose tissue growth in their newborns using various methods for the assessment of body fat mass. Measurement of skinfold thickness in the newborn is the primary outcome parameter. Two hundred and four pregnant women will be recruited before the 15th week of gestation and randomly assigned to either active intervention or an isocaloric control diet. This upcoming study will explore the potential of this dietary approach to limit early adipose tissue growth and may contribute to the development of a new strategy for the primary prevention of childhood obesity.

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    Article: Prenatal fatty acid status and child adiposity at age 3 y: results from a US pregnancy cohort.
    Sara M A Donahue, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Diane R Gold, Zeina E Jouni, Matthew W Gillman, Emily Oken
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early life may influence adiposity development. We examined the extent to which prenatal n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) PUFA concentrations were associated with childhood adiposity. In mother-child pairs in the Project Viva cohort, we assessed midpregnancy fatty acid intakes (n = 1120), maternal plasma PUFA concentrations (n = 227), and umbilical cord plasma PUFA concentrations (n = 302). We performed multivariable regression analyses to examine independent associations of n-3 PUFAs, including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (DHA + EPA), n-6 PUFAs, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs, with child adiposity at age 3 y measured by the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses (SS + TR) and risk of obesity (body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex). Mean (±SD) DHA + EPA intake was 0.15 ± 0.14 g DHA + EPA/d, maternal plasma concentration was 1.9 ± 0.6%, and umbilical plasma concentration was 4.6 ± 1.2%. In children, SS + TR was 16.7 ± 4.3 mm, and 9.4% of children were obese. In the adjusted analysis, there was an association between each SD increase in DHA + EPA and lower child SS + TR [-0.31 mm (95% CI: -0.58, -0.04 mm) for maternal diet and -0.91 mm (95% CI: -1.63, -0.20 mm) for cord plasma] and lower odds of obesity [odds ratio (95% CI): 0.68 (0.50, 0.92) for maternal diet and 0.09 (0.02, 0.52) for cord plasma]. Maternal plasma DHA + EPA concentration was not significantly associated with child adiposity. A higher ratio of cord plasma n-6:n-3 PUFAs was associated with higher SS + TR and odds of obesity. An enhanced maternal-fetal n-3 PUFA status was associated with lower childhood adiposity.
    American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 02/2011; 93(4):780-8. · 6.67 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

15th week
 
active intervention
 
adipose tissue growth
 
birth weight
 
body fat growth
 
body fat mass
 
dietary approach
 
first year
 
last decades
 
limited clinical data
 
mean birth weight
 
n-3 fatty acids
 
n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FAs
 
n-6/n-3 ratio
 
new strategy
 
newborns
 
pregnant women
 
pregnant women/breast-feeding mothers
 
primary outcome parameter
 
Recent observational studies