Article

Effects of intrathecal administration of newer antidepressants on mechanical allodynia in rat models of neuropathic pain.

Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
Neuroscience Research (impact factor: 2.25). 11/2008; 63(1):42-6. DOI:10.1016/j.neures.2008.10.002 pp.42-6
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Antidepressants, especially tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are widely used for the treatment of various types of chronic and neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive effects of TCAs are, however, complicated. Therefore, two kinds of newer antidepressants whose functions have been more fully clarified were selected, milnacipran, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and paroxetine and fluvoxamine, which are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The antiallodynic effects of intrathecal administration of these newer antidepressants were examined in two rat models of neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy. The antiallodynic effect of these antidepressants was evaluated using the von Frey test. The intrathecal administration of milnacipran had an antiallodynic effect in both CCI and STZ-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the intrathecal administration of either paroxetine or fluvoxamine elicited little antiallodynic effect in CCI rats, while both SSRIs had antiallodynic effects in the STZ-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate a considerable difference to exist in the development and/or maintenance between these two animal models of neuropathic pain and suggest that each of these three antidepressants may be effective for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain.

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    Article: Monoaminergic Antidepressants in the Relief of Pain: Potential Therapeutic Utility of Triple Reuptake Inhibitors (TRIs)
    Hache Guillaume, Coudore François, Alain M Gardier, Bruno P Guiard
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    ABSTRACT: Over 75% of depressed patients suffer from painful symptoms predicting a greater severity and a less favorable outcome of depression. Imaging, anatomical and functional studies have demonstrated the existence of common brain structures, neuronal pathways and neurotransmitters in depression and pain. In particular, the ascending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways originating from the raphe nuclei and the locus coeruleus; respectively, send projections to the limbic system. Such pathways control many of the psychological functions that are disturbed in depression and in the perception of pain. On the other hand, the descending pathways, from monoaminergic nuclei to the spinal cord, are specifically implicated in the inhibition of nociception providing rationale for the use of serotonin (5-HT) and/or norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, NRIs, SNRIs), in the relief of pain. Compelling evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is also involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Indeed, recent insights have demonstrated a central role for DA in analgesia through an action at both the spinal and suprasinal levels including brain regions such as the periaqueductal grey (PAG), the thalamus, the basal ganglia and the limbic system. In this context, dopaminergic antidepressants (i.e., containing dopaminergic activity), such as bupropion, nomifensine and more recently triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs), might represent new promising therapeutic tools in the treatment of painful symptoms with depression. Nevertheless, whether the addition of the dopaminergic component produces more robust effects than single- or dual-acting agents, has yet to be demonstrated. This article reviews the main pathways regulating pain transmission in relation with the monoaminergic systems. It then focuses on the current knowledge regarding the in vivo pharmacological properties and mechanism of action of monoaminergic antidepressants including SSRIs, NRIs, SNRIs and TRIs. Finally, a synthesis of the preclinical studies supporting the efficacy of these antidepressants in analgesia is also addressed in order to highlight the relative contribution of 5-HT, NE and DA to nociception.
    Pharmaceuticals. 01/2011;
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Keywords

antidepressants
 
antinociceptive effects
 
CCI rats
 
chronic constriction injury
 
diabetic neuropathic pain
 
dose-dependent manner
 
intrathecal administration
 
neuropathic pain
 
newer antidepressants
 
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
 
rat models
 
sciatic nerve
 
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
 
STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy
 
STZ-induced diabetic rats
 
three antidepressants
 
tricyclic antidepressants
 
two animal models
 
various types
 
von Frey test