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# An Upper Limit to the Dry Merger Rate at z ~ 0.55

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(Impact Factor: 4.05). 01/2010; 139(2):794. DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/794
Source: arXiv

ABSTRACT We measure the fraction of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in dynamically close pairs (with projected separation less than 20 h –1 kpc and velocity difference less than 500 km s–1) to estimate the dry merger rate for galaxies with –23 < M(r) k+e,z=0.2 + 5log h < –21.5 and 0.45 < z < 0.65 in the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) redshift survey. For galaxies with a luminosity ratio of 1:4 or greater we determine a 5σ upper limit to the merger fraction of 1.1% and a merger rate of <0.8 × 10–5 Mpc–3 Gyr–1 (assuming that all pairs merge on the shortest possible timescale set by dynamical friction). This is significantly smaller than predicted by theoretical models and suggests that major dry mergers do not contribute to the formation of the red sequence at z < 0.7.

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##### Article: Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): merging galaxies and their properties
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ABSTRACT: We derive the close pair fractions and volume merger rates as a function of luminosity and morphology for galaxies in the GAMA survey with -23 < M(r) < -17 at 0.01 < z < 0.22. The merger fraction is about 0.015 at all luminosities (assuming 1/2 of pairs merge) and the volume merger rate is about 0.00035 per cubic Mpc per Gyr. Dry mergers (between red or spheroidal galaxies) are uncommon and decrease with decreasing luminosity. Fainter mergers are wet, between blue or disky galaxies. Damp mergers (one of each type) follow the average of dry and wet mergers. In the brighter luminosity bin (-23 < M(r) < -20) the merger rate evolution is flat, irrespective of colour or morphology. The makeup of the merging population does not change since z = 0.2. Major mergers and dry mergers appear comparatively unimportant in the buildup of the red sequence over the past 2 Gyr. We compare the colour, morphology, environmental density and degree of activity of galaxies in pairs to those of more isolated objects in the same volume. Galaxies in close pairs tend to be both redder and slightly more spheroid-dominated. This may be due to "harassment" in multiple previous passes prior to the current interaction. Galaxy pairs do not appear to prefer significantly denser environments. There is no evidence of an enhancement in the AGN fraction in pairs, compared to other galaxies in the same volume.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 07/2014; 444(3). DOI:10.1093/mnras/stu1452 · 5.23 Impact Factor
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##### Article: Galaxy Formation as a Cosmological Tool. I: The Galaxy Merger History as a Measure of Cosmological Parameters
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ABSTRACT: As galaxy formation and evolution over long cosmic time-scales depends to a large degree on the structure of the universe, the assembly history of galaxies is potentially a powerful approach for learning about the universe itself. In this paper we examine the merger history of dark matter halos based on the Extended Press-Schechter formalism as a function of cosmological parameters, redshift and halo mass. We calculate how major halo mergers are influenced by changes in the cosmological values of $\Omega_{\rm m}$, $\Omega_{\Lambda}$, $\sigma_{8}$, the dark matter particle temperature (warm vs. cold dark matter), and the value of a constant and evolving equation of state parameter $w(z)$. We find that the merger fraction at a given halo mass varies by up to a factor of three for halos forming under the assumption of Cold Dark Matter, within different underling cosmological parameters. We find that the current measurements of the merger history, as measured through observed galaxy pairs as well as through structure, are in agreement with the concordance cosmology with the current best fit giving $1 - \Omega_{\rm m} = \Omega_{\rm \Lambda} = 0.84^{+0.16}_{-0.17}$. To obtain a more accurate constraint competitive with recently measured cosmological parameters from Planck and WMAP requires a measured merger accuracy of $\delta f_{\rm m} \sim 0.01$, implying surveys with an accurately measured merger history over 2 - 20 deg$^{2}$, which will be feasible with the next generation of imaging and spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid and LSST.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 07/2014; 444(2). DOI:10.1093/mnras/stu1385 · 5.23 Impact Factor
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##### Article: Colour gradients of high-redshift Early-Type Galaxies from hydrodynamical monolithic models
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ABSTRACT: We analyze the evolution of colour gradients predicted by the hydrodynamical models of early type galaxies (ETGs) in Pipino et al. (2008), which reproduce fairly well the chemical abundance pattern and the metallicity gradients of local ETGs. We convert the star formation (SF) and metal content into colours by means of stellar population synthetic model and investigate the role of different physical ingredients, as the initial gas distribution and content, and eps_SF, i.e. the normalization of SF rate. From the comparison with high redshift data, a full agreement with optical rest-frame observations at z < 1 is found, for models with low eps_SF, whereas some discrepancies emerge at 1 < z < 2, despite our models reproduce quite well the data scatter at these redshifts. To reconcile the prediction of these high eps_SF systems with the shallower colour gradients observed at lower z we suggest intervention of 1-2 dry mergers. We suggest that future studies should explore the impact of wet galaxy mergings, interactions with environment, dust content and a variation of the Initial Mass Function from the galactic centers to the peripheries.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 07/2013; 435(1). DOI:10.1093/mnras/stt1346 · 5.23 Impact Factor

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