Article

The Twentieth Century Reversal of Pink-Blue Gender Coding: A Scientific Urban Legend?

Biology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123, Turin, Italy, .
Archives of Sexual Behavior (Impact Factor: 3.53). 07/2012; 41(6). DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-0002-z
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Available from: Marco Del Giudice, Jul 24, 2015
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    • "These findings are often interpreted to show a reversal of gender-typed colors some time during the 20th century and, thus, that gender-typed color stereotyping and preferences are socially assigned. Although a recent analysis of books published between 1880 and 1980 (Del Giudice, 2012) questioned the reversal in pink and blue for boys and girls, the analysis showed that the current gender-typing of colors (e.g.,''pink for girls,''''blue for boys'') clearly intensified during the middle of the 20th century. Thereislessempiricalinformation on gender-typed colorpreferences than on other gender-typed childhood behaviors, such as toy and activity preferences, but there is evidence that the development of gender-typed color preferences differs from that of gender-typed toy and activity preferences. "
    Wang I Wong, Melissa Hines
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    ABSTRACT: Many gender differences are thought to result from interactions between inborn factors and sociocognitive processes that occur after birth. There is controversy, however, over the causes of gender-typed preferences for the colors pink and blue, with some viewing these preferences as arising solely from sociocognitive processes of gender development. We evaluated preferences for gender-typed colors, and compared them to gender-typed toy and activity preferences in 126 toddlers on two occasions separated by 6-8 months (at Time 1, M = 29 months; range 20-40). Color preferences were assessed using color cards and neutral toys in gender-typed colors. Gender-typed toy and activity preferences were assessed using a parent-report questionnaire, the Preschool Activities Inventory. Color preferences were also assessed for the toddlers' parents using color cards. A gender difference in color preferences was present between 2 and 3 years of age and strengthened near the third birthday, at which time it was large (d > 1). In contrast to their parents, toddlers' gender-typed color preferences were stronger and unstable. Gender-typed color preferences also appeared to establish later and were less stable than gender-typed toy and activity preferences. Gender-typed color preferences were largely uncorrelated with gender-typed toy and activity preferences. These results suggest that the factors influencing gender-typed color preferences and gender-typed toy and activity preferences differ in some respects. Our findings suggest that sociocognitive influences and play with gender-typed toys that happen to be made in gender-typed colors contribute to toddlers' gender-typed color preferences.
    Archives of Sexual Behavior 02/2015; 44(5). DOI:10.1007/s10508-015-0489-1 · 3.53 Impact Factor
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