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Sensors and Actuators B Chemical (impact factor: 3.9). 01/2012;
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    Article: Monosynaptic connections made by the sensory neurons of the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia participate in the storage of long-term memory for sensitization.
    W N Frost, V F Castellucci, R D Hawkins, E R Kandel
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    ABSTRACT: We have found that in the gill- and siphon- withdrawal reflex of Aplysia, the memory for short-term sensitization grades smoothly into long-term memory with increased amounts of sensitization training. One cellular locus for the storage of the memory underlying short-term sensitization is the set of monosynaptic connections between the siphon sensory cells and the gill and siphon motor neurons. We have now also found that these same monosynaptic connections participate in the storage of the memory underlying long-term Sensitization. We examined the amplitudes of the direct synaptic connections produced by siphon sensory neurons on the gill motor neuron L7 in nervous systems removed from control and from long-term sensitized animals 1 day after the end of long-term sensitization training. The connections were significantly larger in long-term sensitized animals than in control animals. The finding that long-term memory occurs at the same synaptic locus as the short-term memory should facilitate study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of short-term to long-term memory.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 01/1986; 82(23):8266-9. · 9.68 Impact Factor
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    Article: Shape-memory polymers.
    Andreas Lendlein, Steffen Kelch
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    ABSTRACT: Material scientists predict a prominent role in the future for self-repairing and intelligent materials. Throughout the last few years, this concept has found growing interest as a result of the rise of a new class of polymers. These so-called shape-memory polymers by far surpass well-known metallic shape-memory alloys in their shape-memory properties. As a consequence of the relatively easy manufacture and programming of shape-memory polymers, these materials represent a cheap and efficient alternative to well-established shape-memory alloys. In shape-memory polymers, the consequences of an intended or accidental deformation caused by an external force can be ironed out by heating the material above a defined transition temperature. This effect can be achieved because of the given flexibility of the polymer chains. When the importance of polymeric materials in our daily life is taken into consideration, we find a very broad, additional spectrum of possible applications for intelligent polymers that covers an area from minimally invasive surgery, through high-performance textiles, up to self-repairing plastic components in every kind of transportation vehicles.
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition 06/2002; 41(12):2035-57. · 13.45 Impact Factor
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    Article: Memristor-The missing circuit element
    L. Chua
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    ABSTRACT: A new two-terminal circuit element-called the memristorcharacterized by a relationship between the charge q(t)equiv int_{-infty}^{t} i(tau) d tau and the flux-linkage varphi(t)equiv int_{- infty}^{t} v(tau) d tau is introduced as the fourth basic circuit element. An electromagnetic field interpretation of this relationship in terms of a quasi-static expansion of Maxwell's equations is presented. Many circuit-theoretic properties of memistors are derived. It is shown that this element exhibits some peculiar behavior different from that exhibited by resistors, inductors, or capacitors. These properties lead to a number of unique applications which cannot be realized with RLC networks alone. Although a physical memristor device without internal power supply has not yet been discovered, operational laboratory models have been built with the help of active circuits. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the properties and potential applications of memristors.
    IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory 10/1971;

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