Article

Smoking Status and Metabolic Syndrome in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study.

Tobacco Induced Diseases 06/2012; 10(1):9. DOI:10.1186/1617-9625-10-9
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Current smoking is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance but its association with the metabolic syndrome (metS), particularly with sufficiently sampled African American representation, has not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a) metS is associated with smoking; b) any increased risk of metS among smokers is independent of body mass index (BMI) compared with non-smokers; c) smoking status is differentially associated with the metS and its components across different ethnic groups. METHODS: Cross sectional analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) a community population-based sample free of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Current smokers (N=769) had higher risk of metS (odds ratio [OR, 95 % confidence interval]: 1.4, 1.1-1.7) versus never (reference, N=2981) and former smokers (1.0, 0.8-1.1, N=2163) and for metS components: high waist circumference (WC) (OR:1.9, 1.2-2.1), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.5, 1.3-1.8), elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) (OR:1.4, 1.2-1.7) as well as high C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory marker) concentration (OR: 1.6,1.3-2.0) compared to never and former smokers after adjustment for BMI. A smoking status by ethnicity interaction occurred such that African American current and former smokers had greater likelihood of low HDL-C than White counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that smoking is associated with the metS and despite the lower BMI of current smokers the prevalence of low HDL-C, elevated TG and CRP is higher among them than among non-smokers. African American individuals generally have higher HDL-C than Whites but smoking wipes out this advantage.

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Keywords

95 % confidence interval]
 
African American current
 
African American individuals
 
body mass index
 
cardiovascular disease
 
community population-based sample free
 
Cross sectional analysis
 
Current smokers
 
Current smoking
 
different ethnic groups
 
former smokers
 
glucose tolerance
 
inflammatory marker
 
metabolic syndrome
 
Multi-Ethnic Study
 
odds ratio [OR
 
plasma triglycerides
 
sampled African American representation
 
smoking wipes
 
type 2 diabetes mellitus