Article

Mineral trioxide aggregate-based endodontic sealer stimulates hydroxyapatite nucleation in human osteoblast-like cell culture.

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of endodontics (impact factor: 2.95). 07/2012; 38(7):971-6. DOI:10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.018 pp.971-6
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of a new mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based endodontic sealer, MTA Fillapex (MTA-F; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), in human cell culture.
Human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) were exposed for 1, 2, 3, and 7 days to MTA-F, Epiphany SE (EP-SE; SybronEndo, Orange, CA), and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (ZOE). Unexposed cultures were the control group (CT). The viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bioactivity of MTA-F was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and the detection of calcium deposits in the culture with alizarin red stain (ARS). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to chemically characterize the hydroxyapatite crystallites (HAP). Saos-2 cells were cultured for 21 days for ARS and SEM/EDS. ARS results were expressed as the number of stained nodules per area. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests (P < .01).
MTA-F exposure for 1, 2, and 3 days resulted in increased cytotoxicity. In contrast, viability increased after 7 days of exposure to MTA-F. Exposure to EP-SE and ZOE was cytotoxic at all time points. At day 7, ALP activity increase was significant in the MTA-F group. MTA-F presented the highest percentage of ARS-stained nodules (MTA-F > CT > EP-SE > ZOE). SEM/EDS analysis showed hydroxyapatite crystals only in the MTA-F and CT groups. In the MTA-F group, crystallite morphology and chemical composition were different from CT.
After setting, the cytotoxicity of MTA-F decreases and the sealer presents suitable bioactivity to stimulate HAP crystal nucleation.

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    Article: In Vitro Cytotoxicity of White MTA, MTA Fillapex® and Portland Cement on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
    Yoshino P, Nishiyama CK, Modena KCS, Santos CF, Sipert CR
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), MTA Fillapex® and Portland cement (PC) on human cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Periodontal ligament fibroblast culture was established and the cells were used for cytotoxic tests after the fourth passage. Cell density was set at 1.25 x104 cells/well in 96-well plates. Endodontic material extracts were prepared by placing sealer/ cement specimens (5x3mm) in 1mL of culture medium for 72 h. The extracts were then serially two-fold diluted and inserted into the cell-seeded wells for 24, 48 and 72 h. MTT assay was employed for analysis of cell viability. Cell supernatants were tested for nitric oxide using the Griess reagent system. MTA presented cytotoxic effect in undiluted extracts at 24 and 72 h. MTA Fillapex® presented the highest cytotoxic levels with important cell viability reduction for pure extracts and at ½ and ¼ dilutions. In this study, PC did not induce alterations in fibroblast viability. Nitric oxide was detected in extract-treated cell supernatants and also in the extracts only, suggesting presence of nitrite in the soluble content of the tested materials. In the present study, MTA Fillapex displayed the highest cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament fibroblasts followed by white MTA and PC.
    Brazilian dental journal 01/2013; 24(2):111-116.
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Keywords

alizarin red stain
 
alkaline phosphatase activity
 
ALP activity increase
 
ARS-stained nodules
 
bioactivity
 
chemical composition
 
crystallite morphology
 
CT groups
 
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
 
highest percentage
 
human cell culture
 
Human osteoblast-like cells
 
hydroxyapatite crystallites
 
MTA-F decreases
 
new mineral trioxide aggregate
 
Saos-2 cells
 
scanning electron microscopy
 
sealer presents suitable bioactivity
 
stimulate HAP crystal nucleation
 
time points