Article

MicroRNAs and cancer

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 04/2012; 9(9):547-554. DOI:10.1007/s10330-010-0648-8 pp.547-554

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and show remarkable tissue
specificity. miRNAs are approximately 22 nt non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner
via translational inhibition or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, thus affecting various cellular processes. Since the discovery
of their fundamental mechanisms of action, the field of miRNAs has opened a new era in the understanding of small noncoding
RNAs. Recent evidence has shown that miRNA controls cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. Cancer is a complex genetic
disease caused by abnormalities in gene structure and expression, moreover, miRNA expression correlates with cancers and could
have a crucial function in tumor progression. Bioinformatic data indicate that each miRNA can control hundreds of target genes,
but identification of the accurate miRNA targets will be crucial to exploit the emerging knowledge of miRNA contribution to
cancer process.

Key wordsmicroRNA-cancer-epigenetics-antagomirs-therapeutics

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Keywords

accurate miRNA targets
 
Bioinformatic data
 
cancer process
 
crucial function
 
emerging knowledge
 
gene structure
 
Key wordsmicroRNA-cancer-epigenetics-antagomirs-therapeutics
 
miRNA contribution
 
miRNA controls cell growth
 
miRNA expression correlates
 
miRNAs
 
new era
 
noncoding
 
oncogenesis
 
regulate gene expression
 
regulatory RNAs
 
sequence-specific manner
 
target genes
 
translational inhibition
 
various cellular processes