Article

Pharmacogenomics: state of the research and perspectives in clinical application

Neurological Sciences (impact factor: 1.32). 04/2012; 24:s146-s148. DOI:10.1007/s100720300064 pp.s146-s148

ABSTRACT The person-to-person variability of drug response is a major problem in clinical practice and in drug development. It can
lead to therapeutic failure or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in individuals or subpopulation of patients. In addition to the
high occurence of ADRs and the associated morbidity and mortality, substantial costs are incurred. Potential risk factors
for drug inefficacy or toxicity include drug-drug interactions, the patient's age, renal and liver functions or other disease
factors, and lifestyle variables such as smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition, it has become clear in recent years
that genetic factors may also significantly modify drug responses or increase the risk for ADRs. Genetic variations in genes
(polymorphisms) for drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors, and drug transporters have been associated with individual
variability in the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. It is now widely accepted that migraine is a polygenic and multifactorial
disorders, thus considered to be a genetic complex disease. Genetic studies on migraine suggested a role of CACNA1A and DRD2
genes as susceptibility genes in this disorder.

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    Article: Genetics of migraine and pharmacogenomics: some considerations.
    Maria Piane, Patrizia Lulli, Ivano Farinelli, Simona Simeoni, Sergio De Filippis, Francesca Romana Patacchioli, Paolo Martelletti
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Migraine is a complex disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although family and twin studies show that there is a genetic component in migraine, no genes predisposing to common forms of the disorder, migraine with and without aura, have been identified. Patients with migraine respond differently to a given drug administered. The efficacy of therapy and the occurrence of adverse drug response are a consequence of individual variability. Genetic profiling of predisposition to migraine should facilitate the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The development of International Hap Map project could provide a powerful tool for identification of the candidate genes in this complex disease and pharmacogenomics research could be the promise for individualized treatments and prevention of adverse drug response.
    The Journal of Headache and Pain 01/2008; 8(6):334-9. · 2.43 Impact Factor
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Keywords

adverse drug reactions
 
associated morbidity
 
clinical practice
 
drug development
 
drug inefficacy
 
drug receptors
 
drug response
 
drug responses
 
drug transporters
 
drug-drug interactions
 
drug-metabolizing enzymes
 
genetic complex disease
 
genetic factors
 
Genetic studies
 
Genetic variations
 
lifestyle variables
 
liver functions
 
person-to-person variability
 
Potential risk factors
 
substantial costs
 

G Severino