Article

Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.

Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 03/2012; 16 Suppl 1:S104-9. DOI:10.4103/2230-8210.94256
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease risk factors have a tendency to cluster. The presence of such a cluster in an individual has been designated the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is a paucity of reports of the prevalence of MetS in hypertensive patients in south east Nigeria. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria in a tertiary healthcare centre in South East Nigeria.
A population of 250 consecutive newly diagnosed adult hypertensive patients (126 males and 124 females) was evaluated. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were done using standardized techniques. After an overnight fast, blood samples were taken for glucose and lipid profile assays. The NCEP ATP III criteria were then applied for the diagnosis of MetS.
The prevalence of the MetS among the study population was 31.2%. The sex-specific prevalences were 15.1% and 47.6% among male and female patients respectively. A large number of the patients (40.4%) were at a high potential risk of developing the MetS as they already met 2 of the criteria. The MetS prevalence increased progressively from 14.3% through 23.8%, in the patients aged 24-33years and 34-43 years, respectively to a peak (40.4%) among those aged 44-53 years before declining in those aged 54-63 years (31.8%), 64-73 years (33.3%) and 74 years and above (20.6%). Central obesity was the most common component of the MetS being present in 50.4% of patients (28.6% of males and 72.6% of females). Of the other components, low HDL-C was present in 38.8% (26.2% of males and 51.6% of females), elevated FBS in 12.8% (6.3% of males and 19.4% of females) and elevated triglycerides in 8.8% (11.9% of males and 5.6% of females).
The prevalence of the MetS is high among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in Nnewi South East Nigeria. This underscores the importance of routine screening of hypertensive patients for other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

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Keywords

adult hypertensive patients
 
Blood pressure
 
blood samples
 
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
 
common component
 
female patients
 
females
 
hypertensive patients
 
lipid profile assays
 
metabolic syndrome
 
MetS prevalence
 
National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III
 
NCEP ATP III
 
NCEP ATP III criteria
 
Nnewi South East Nigeria
 
sex-specific prevalences
 
South East Nigeria
 
standardized techniques
 
study population
 
tertiary healthcare centre