Article

Spectra of a shallow sea—unmixing for class identification and monitoring of coastal waters

Ocean Dynamics (impact factor: 1.77). 04/2012; 61(4):463-480. DOI:10.1007/s10236-010-0373-4 pp.463-480

ABSTRACT Ocean colour-based monitoring of water masses is a promising alternative to monitoring concentrations in heterogeneous coastal
seas. Fuzzy methods, such as spectral unmixing, are especially well suited for recognition of water masses from their remote
sensing reflectances. However, such models have not yet been applied for water classification and monitoring. In this study,
a fully constrained endmember model with simulated endmembers was developed for water class identification in the shallow
Wadden Sea and adjacent German Bight. Its performance was examined on in situ measured reflectances and on MERIS satellite
data. Water classification by means of unmixing reflectance spectra proved to be successful. When the endmember model was
applied to MERIS data, it was able to visualise well-known spatial, tidal, seasonal, and wind-related variations in optical
properties in the heterogeneous Wadden Sea. Analyses show that the method is insensitive to small changes in endmembers. Therefore,
it can be applied in similar coastal areas. For use in open ocean situations or coastal or inland waters with other specific
inherent optical properties, re-simulation of the endmember spectra with local optical properties is required. However, such
an adaptation requires only a limited number of local in situ measurements.

KeywordsEndmember–Reflectance–MERIS–Water mass–Unmixing

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28 Nov 2012

Keywords

adjacent German Bight
 
constrained endmember model
 
endmember model
 
endmember spectra
 
heterogeneous Wadden Sea
 
inland waters
 
KeywordsEndmember–Reflectance–MERIS–Water mass–Unmixing
 
local optical properties
 
Ocean colour-based monitoring
 
open ocean situations
 
promising alternative
 
reflectances
 
similar coastal areas
 
spectral unmixing
 
unmixing reflectance spectra
 
water class identification
 
water classification
 
water masses
 
well-known spatial
 
wind-related variations