Article

Liquid Perfluorocarbons as Contrast Agents for Ultrasonography and 19F-MRI

UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie Univ Paris Sud 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France; CNRS, UMR 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
Pharmaceutical Research (impact factor: 4.09). 04/2012; 27(1):1-16. DOI:10.1007/s11095-009-0001-5 pp.1-16

ABSTRACT Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are fluorinated compounds that have been used for many years in clinics mainly as gas/oxygen carriers
and for liquid ventilation. Besides this main application, PFCs have also been tested as contrast agents for ultrasonography
and magnetic resonance imaging since the end of the 1970s. However, most of the PFCs applied as contrast agents for imaging
were gaseous. This class of PFCs has been recently substituted by liquid PFCs as ultrasound contrast agents. Additionally,
liquid PFCs are being tested as contrast agents for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to yield dual contrast agents for both ultrasonography and 19F MRI. This review focuses on the development and applications of the different contrast agents containing liquid perfluorocarbons
for ultrasonography and/or MRI: large and small size emulsions (i.e. nanoemulsions) and nanocapsules.

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Keywords

19F magnetic resonance imaging
 
applications
 
clinics
 
contrast agents
 
different contrast agents
 
gas/oxygen carriers
 
gaseous
 
liquid perfluorocarbons
 
liquid PFCs
 
liquid ventilation
 
magnetic resonance imaging
 
MRI
 
nanoemulsions
 
Perfluorocarbons
 
PFCs
 
small size emulsions
 
ultrasonography
 
ultrasound contrast agents
 
yield dual contrast agents