Article

Biochemical markers of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.

Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany. .
Current pharmaceutical design (impact factor: 4.41). 05/2012; 18(29):4556-63. pp.4556-63
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Biochemical biomarkers are important candidates for the diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases of autoimmune etiology, since they may reflect the presence, nature and intensity of certain immune responses caused by both genetic and environmental processes. Different body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, urine, and tears have been used to identify useful biomarkers. Autoimmune neurological diseases associated with pathology of cell surface structures such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, neuromyotonia, stiff person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are amenable to serum antibody tests which can be used to support the diagnosis. In several of these disorders, new specific autoantibodies have been detected that are directed against proteins complexed with potassium channels in both the central and peripheral nervous system such as contactin-2 associated protein (Caspr2) or the protein leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1). Recently, a number of central nervous system disorders like limbic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) have also been associated with the presence of specific serum autoantibodies. In MS and GBS CSF analysis is still essential to support the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. We provide an overview over the widening field of autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and discuss the current state of biomarker research and its relevance for clinical practice.

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    Article: Brain biomarkers and management of uncertainty in predicting outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a nomogram paints a thousand words.
    Sharon Einav, Nechama Kaufman, Nurit Algur, Nurith Strauss- Liviatan, Jeremy D Kark
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Keywords

autoimmune diseases
 
autoimmune etiology
 
Autoimmune neurological diseases
 
biomarker research
 
cell surface structures
 
central nervous system disorders
 
certain immune responses
 
current state
 
GBS CSF analysis
 
Guillain-Barré syndrome
 
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
 
multiple sclerosis
 
neurological diseases
 
neuromyelitis optica
 
new specific autoantibodies
 
peripheral nervous system
 
potassium channels
 
serum antibody tests
 
specific serum autoantibodies
 
stiff person syndrome