Article

The fundamental role of the p53 pathway in tumor metabolism and its implication in tumor therapy.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China.
Clinical Cancer Research (impact factor: 7.74). 02/2012; 18(6):1561-7. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3040 pp.1561-7
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT It is well established that the altered metabolism exhibited by cancer cells, including high rates of glycolysis, lactate production, and biosynthesis of lipids, nucleotides, and other macromolecules, and which may occur either as a consequence or as a cause of tumorigenesis, plays an essential role in cancer progression. Recently, the tumor suppressor p53 was found to play a central role in this process. Here, we review the role of p53 in modulating tumor metabolism. Specifically, we focus on the functions of p53 in regulating aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, and we discuss the therapeutic strategy whereby p53 helps to prevent malignant progression.

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    Article: Acetylation mediated by the p300/CBP-associated factor determines cellular energy metabolic pathways in cancer.
    Ramkumar Rajendran, Richa Garva, Hassan Ashour, Travis Leung, Ian Stratford, Marija Krstic-Demonacos, Constantinos Demonacos
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Normal cells produce energy either through OXPHOS in the presence of oxygen or glycolysis in its absence. Cancer cells produce energy preferably through glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, thereby, acquiring survival and proliferative advantages. Oncogenes and tumour suppressors control these metabolic pathways by regulating the expression of their target genes involved in these processes. During hypoxia, HIF-1 favours high glycolytic flux by upregulating glycolytic enzymes. Conversely, p53 inhibits glycolysis and increases OXPHOS expression through TIGAR and SCO2 gene expression, respectively. We hypothesise that the p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) as a common co-factor shared between p53 and HIF-1 plays an important role in the regulation of energy production by modulating SCO2 and TIGAR gene expression mediated by these two transcription factors. The possible involvement of HIF-1 in the regulation of SCO2 and TIGAR gene expression was investigated in cells with different p53 status in normoxia- and hypoxia-mimicking conditions. Putative hypoxia response elements (HREs) were identified in the regulatory region of SCO2 and TIGAR gene promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that HIF-1 was recruited to the putative HREs present in the SCO2 and TIGAR promoters in a cell type-dependent manner. Transcriptional assays endorsed the notion that PCAF may be involved in the determination of the SCO2 and TIGAR cellular levels, thereby, regulating cellular energy metabolism, a view supported by assays measuring lactic acid production and oxygen consumption in cells ectopically expressing PCAF. The present study identified HIF-1 as a potential regulator of SCO2 and TIGAR gene expression. Furthermore, evidence to suggest that PCAF is involved in the regulation of cellular energy production pathways in hypoxia-mimicking conditions is presented. This effect of PCAF is exerted by orchestrating differential recruitment of HIF-1α and p53 to the promoter of TIGAR and/or SCO2 genes, thereby, tailoring physiological needs and environmental conditions to SCO2 and TIGAR gene expression.
    International Journal of Oncology 04/2013; · 2.40 Impact Factor
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Keywords

altered metabolism exhibited
 
biosynthesis
 
cancer progression
 
essential role
 
fatty acid synthesis
 
lactate production
 
macromolecules
 
malignant progression
 
modulating tumor metabolism
 
nucleotides
 
oxidative phosphorylation
 
pentose phosphate pathway
 
regulating aerobic glycolysis
 
therapeutic strategy
 
tumor suppressor p53
 

Lan Shen