Article

Orofacial odontogenic infections: review of microbiology and current treatment.

Centre for Study of Oral Diseases, University Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, England.
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology 09/1990; 70(2):155-8. pp.155-8
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Orofacial odontogenic infections are common. Current evidence indicates that anaerobes play a major role in these infections and that the most common microbial isolates are Bacteroides, fusobacteria, peptococci, and peptostreptococci as well as some viridans streptococci. Drainage must be established where possible. Penicillin is still the drug of first choice for therapy, with metronidazole a good alternative. Nevertheless, not all clinicians are aware of current views and, therefore, this article is a state-of-the-art review for the practicing clinician of the microbiology and antimicrobial therapy of orofacial odontogenic infections.

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    Article: Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing odontogenic infections.
    Miguel Brescó-Salinas, Noelia Costa-Riu, Leonardo Berini-Aytés, Cosme Gay-Escoda
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    ABSTRACT: An evaluation is made of bacterial species and susceptibility to various antibiotics used in application to odontogenic infections of periapical location and in pericoronitis of the lower third molar, with the aim of optimizing the antibiotherapy of such infections and thus preventing unnecessary side effects and over-treatment. Sixty-four patients with odontogenic infection were selected on the basis of a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were collected from lesions under maximally aseptic conditions, avoiding oral saprophytic contamination. The samples were cultured and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, followed by bacteriological identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 184 bacterial strains were isolated and identified, comprising grampositive facultative anaerobes (68%), gramnegative strict anaerobes (30%) and grampositive facultative anaerobes (2%). Regardless of the origin of the odontogenic infection, the causal bacteria yielded the best results in terms of increased sensitivity and lesser resistance with amoxicillin / clavulanate and amoxicillin, respectively (p<0.05). There are increasingly numerous reports in the literature of growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics in infectious processes affecting non-buccodental territories. This same tendency has not been observed in relation to oral infections, though important resistance has been documented for certain concrete antibiotics. According to our results, the common-use antibiotics with the greatest sensitivity and lowest resistance were shown to be amoxicillin/clavulanate followed by amoxicillin alone.
    Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 01/2006; 11(1):E70-5.
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    Article: In vitro evaluation of microbiological flora of orofacial infections.
    Munish Kohli, Asha Mathur, Monica Kohli, Saif Rauf Siddiqui
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    ABSTRACT: To assess the most common micro-organisms causing odontogenic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The study was conducted in 80 patients with orofacial infection. The pus sample was collected, cultured (aerobically and anaerobically) and stained for morphological study of the isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity test for the isolates were performed. A total of 109 micro-organisms were isolated, no pathogenic organism were isolated in 3 cases. Out of 109 micro-organism isolated, 107 bacteria and 2 fungi were identified. Pure aerobes were identified in 28(35%) of cases, pure anaerobes in 18(22.5%), mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 10(12.5%), mixed aerobes in 15(18.75%) and mixed anaerobes were isolated in 6(7.5%) cases. Among the entire pure gram positive isolates, ofloxacin was the most sensitive drug 83.33% followed by ciprofloxacin 76.2% and sparfloxacin 76.2%. The most resistant drugs were amoxicillin (92.85%) and ampicillin (92.85%). Cefotaxime was found sensitive in 75% of pure gram negative isolates. Ofloxacin was the most sensitive drug followed by ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin for pure gram positive isolates. The most resistant drugs were amoxicillin and ampicillin. The gram negative colonies were sensitive to Cefotaxime.
    Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 12/2009; 8(4):329-33.
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Keywords

clinicians
 
common microbial
 
Drainage
 
first choice
 
major role
 
metronidazole
 
microbiology
 
Orofacial odontogenic infections
 
peptococci
 
practicing clinician
 

Y Gill