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Essay:
The neglected holocaust
Author:
Peter B. Todd
ustralia’s position on the neglected holocaust of AIDS, even in the immediate
region, is overwhelmed by relentlessly beating the tribal drum about the
spectre of global terrorism. This continues to eclipse the challenge of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic from the collective consciousness. It also minimises the
inconvenience to the government of recognising that to lead a substantive response to
the challenge would require an overdue leap in funding research and treatment. The
harsh reality, according to estimates from UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS, is that it will not be numerous decades before AIDS‐
related mortality will reach a hundred million people.
A
From its rather apocalyptic beginnings twenty‐five years ago, the HIV/AIDS
pandemic has generated its prophets and dissenters, heroes and heretics. At the
beginning, the prophets were those who predicted a holocaust, as the mysterious
disease baptised Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in January 1983 spread
from homosexual men to haemophiliacs, blood transfusion recipients, women and
children. The heroes were the scientists and courageous activists who called attention
to the impending holocaust and provided funding for research to identify and
genetically fingerprint the serial killer. The Reagan administration and a compliant US
Congress became the first holocaust deniers by remaining silent about the predictions
and mortality rates.
Yet the evidence is as compelling, perhaps, as that presented to the Nuremberg
trials. According to World Health Organisation and UNAIDS sources, by 2010 it is
estimated that deaths from the pandemic will rival those of the bubonic plague, which
killed ninety‐three million people during the mediaeval and Enlightenment periods.
Already in 2005, more than forty million people were estimated to be living with HIV
and twenty‐five million had died. In that year alone, an estimated five million were
newly infected. Of the three million who died, more than half a million were children.
This is covert genocide through neglect. Ninety‐six per cent of people with HIV live
in the developing world, including Australia’s nearest neighbours, where an
estimated eight million people are infected. Meanwhile, the prospects for an effective
vaccine seem to be bleak and the anti‐retroviral drug treatments are not keeping pace
with the mutation rate of the retrovirus. This is an apocalyptic reality here and now.
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
The neglected holocaust
Author:
Peter B. Todd
ustralia’s position on the neglected holocaust of AIDS, even in the immediate
region, is overwhelmed by relentlessly beating the tribal drum about the
spectre of global terrorism. This continues to eclipse the challenge of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic from the collective consciousness. It also minimises the
inconvenience to the government of recognising that to lead a substantive response to
the challenge would require an overdue leap in funding research and treatment. The
harsh reality, according to estimates from UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS, is that it will not be numerous decades before AIDS‐
related mortality will reach a hundred million people.
A
From its rather apocalyptic beginnings twenty‐five years ago, the HIV/AIDS
pandemic has generated its prophets and dissenters, heroes and heretics. At the
beginning, the prophets were those who predicted a holocaust, as the mysterious
disease baptised Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in January 1983 spread
from homosexual men to haemophiliacs, blood transfusion recipients, women and
children. The heroes were the scientists and courageous activists who called attention
to the impending holocaust and provided funding for research to identify and
genetically fingerprint the serial killer. The Reagan administration and a compliant US
Congress became the first holocaust deniers by remaining silent about the predictions
and mortality rates.
Yet the evidence is as compelling, perhaps, as that presented to the Nuremberg
trials. According to World Health Organisation and UNAIDS sources, by 2010 it is
estimated that deaths from the pandemic will rival those of the bubonic plague, which
killed ninety‐three million people during the mediaeval and Enlightenment periods.
Already in 2005, more than forty million people were estimated to be living with HIV
and twenty‐five million had died. In that year alone, an estimated five million were
newly infected. Of the three million who died, more than half a million were children.
This is covert genocide through neglect. Ninety‐six per cent of people with HIV live
in the developing world, including Australia’s nearest neighbours, where an
estimated eight million people are infected. Meanwhile, the prospects for an effective
vaccine seem to be bleak and the anti‐retroviral drug treatments are not keeping pace
with the mutation rate of the retrovirus. This is an apocalyptic reality here and now.
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
Page 2
In 2005, almost five million people became infected with HIV and were thereby
herded onto figurative AIDS trains with well known destinations. Before considering
the paradigm challenging science that may be needed to stop this holocaust, this essay
unmasks some of the many faces of collusion that have become accessories to this serial
killing. These include geopolitical and ideological forces which are expressed through
globally significant personalities, institutions and governments. Resistance to
addressing difficulties with the Jenner/Pasteur model of infectious disease and the need
for a scientific revolution in the understanding of HIV are themes central to this essay.
ilence as an accessory to HIV began during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the
United States. There was no official mention of AIDS by the US President until the
Third International AIDS Conference in Washington DC in 1987. Having personally
acknowledged the epidemic after the death from AIDS of his actor friend Rock Hudson,
Reagan continued to obstruct research funding. From 1981 until 1990, 100,777 deaths
from AIDS were reported to the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. Randy
Shilts unmasked the Reagan Administration’s silence and fiscal neglect in his 1988 book
And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (Penguin).
S
This silence, and official reluctance to fund research into the forensic hunt for the
micro‐organism causing AIDS, resulted in the deaths of thousands of people whose
right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, guaranteed in the US Constitution,
was denied. Reagan placed defence against the “evil empire” of the Soviet Union
above all other priorities, including health. Meanwhile, media silence in deference to
government policy effectively colluded with HIV, despite the candlelight processions
in protest and commemoration of those who died on the altar of political expediency.
In 2007, the eloquent silence which masks the AIDS holocaust mostly pertains to
those dying in the developing world. While the media since 9/11 has provided
pulpits for the prophets of anti‐terrorism, the silence about the AIDS holocaust
remains deafening – perhaps, to use Al Gore’s phrase, it is another “inconvenient
truth”. Could the quietly lurking forces of xenophobia, racism and militant
nationalism form an alliance with silence to become complicit in the AIDS
holocaust? It would not be the first time that the West – including Australia – has
been a bystander to genocide. In 2006, according to UNAIDS estimates, only US$8.9
billion of the US$14.9 billion dollars required to reverse and stop the pandemic were
available. In 2007, resource requirements are estimated to be US$18.1 billion, while
only US$10 billion is expected to be available. The collusion between political and
economic policies was clear in Reagan’s announcement that the only increases in
federal spending would be on defence. By the end of his second term in office, he
had spent more than two trillion dollars on defence, filling the coffers of the so‐
called “military‐industrial complex”. Due to the silence and fiscal neglect of the
Reagan and subsequent administrations, more than one million people in America
had been infected with HIV by the year 2005. To the extent that successive
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
herded onto figurative AIDS trains with well known destinations. Before considering
the paradigm challenging science that may be needed to stop this holocaust, this essay
unmasks some of the many faces of collusion that have become accessories to this serial
killing. These include geopolitical and ideological forces which are expressed through
globally significant personalities, institutions and governments. Resistance to
addressing difficulties with the Jenner/Pasteur model of infectious disease and the need
for a scientific revolution in the understanding of HIV are themes central to this essay.
ilence as an accessory to HIV began during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the
United States. There was no official mention of AIDS by the US President until the
Third International AIDS Conference in Washington DC in 1987. Having personally
acknowledged the epidemic after the death from AIDS of his actor friend Rock Hudson,
Reagan continued to obstruct research funding. From 1981 until 1990, 100,777 deaths
from AIDS were reported to the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. Randy
Shilts unmasked the Reagan Administration’s silence and fiscal neglect in his 1988 book
And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (Penguin).
S
This silence, and official reluctance to fund research into the forensic hunt for the
micro‐organism causing AIDS, resulted in the deaths of thousands of people whose
right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, guaranteed in the US Constitution,
was denied. Reagan placed defence against the “evil empire” of the Soviet Union
above all other priorities, including health. Meanwhile, media silence in deference to
government policy effectively colluded with HIV, despite the candlelight processions
in protest and commemoration of those who died on the altar of political expediency.
In 2007, the eloquent silence which masks the AIDS holocaust mostly pertains to
those dying in the developing world. While the media since 9/11 has provided
pulpits for the prophets of anti‐terrorism, the silence about the AIDS holocaust
remains deafening – perhaps, to use Al Gore’s phrase, it is another “inconvenient
truth”. Could the quietly lurking forces of xenophobia, racism and militant
nationalism form an alliance with silence to become complicit in the AIDS
holocaust? It would not be the first time that the West – including Australia – has
been a bystander to genocide. In 2006, according to UNAIDS estimates, only US$8.9
billion of the US$14.9 billion dollars required to reverse and stop the pandemic were
available. In 2007, resource requirements are estimated to be US$18.1 billion, while
only US$10 billion is expected to be available. The collusion between political and
economic policies was clear in Reagan’s announcement that the only increases in
federal spending would be on defence. By the end of his second term in office, he
had spent more than two trillion dollars on defence, filling the coffers of the so‐
called “military‐industrial complex”. Due to the silence and fiscal neglect of the
Reagan and subsequent administrations, more than one million people in America
had been infected with HIV by the year 2005. To the extent that successive
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
Page 3
governments in Australia have colluded with such policies, they must accept a share
of the responsibility for the toll, especially, perhaps, in South‐East Asia.
ince 9/11, the spectre of global terrorism has largely eclipsed AIDS, and continues
to consume many billions of dollars annually. The possibility that HIV itself is a
symbolic terrorist menacing humanity seems still to be beneath the radar of
humanity’s collective consciousness. As is the likelihood that HIV, as it continues to
mutate and becomes more virulent, is a serious threat to economic and national
security, especially in the developing world.
S
Scientific complicity in the AIDS holocaust has several unsuspected guises. One is
the contamination of scientific inquiry by extra scientific influences, including those of
a commercial, political and religious nature. A recent, highly contentious debate
epitomises some of the intrigue and subversion affecting the science of HIV/AIDS.
Two groups became the proponents and opponents of the Durban Declaration
published in the journal Nature in July 2000. This paper was a response to an
argument originally published by virologist Professor Peter Duesberg in Science
twelve years earlier, provocatively titled “HIV is Not the Cause of AIDS”. In a manner
reminiscent of the way Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation in Europe in
1517, Duesberg nailed his alternative hypotheses to the door of the AIDS
establishment. He proposed that recreational and anti‐HIV drugs and malnutrition
caused AIDS. He accused scientific orthodoxy of suppressing research into alternative
non‐HIV hypotheses of causation.
By the time of the XIII International AIDS Conference in Durban in July 2000,
President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, a sceptic about orthodox AIDS theory and
treatment, had convened a panel including many of the more prominent dissidents to
fuel the controversy with mass media coverage. The flames ignited by the revolt of
Duesberg and others could now be seen by the people in the global village, including
those caught up in the pandemic. In an attempt to put down the revolt, 5,228 eminent
medical and scientific signatories (including a number of Nobel Laureates) to the
Durban Declaration affirmed that, on the basis of “exhaustive and unambiguous
evidence”, HIV was the cause of AIDS.
Having been virtually excommunicated by the scientific orthodoxy, Duesberg
eventually acknowledged three years later that his hypotheses had neither been
directly tested nor published in peer‐reviewed journals. In other words, his claims had
not run Popper’s “gauntlet of scientific criticism”. Nor had they been accepted by
UNAIDS or the World Health Organisation. However the argument that HIV is not
the cause of AIDS played into the collective denial and complacency in at‐risk
populations, with unknown levels of preventable infections and deaths as a result.
The acrimony of this debate was a timely reminder that science itself can be
affected by intrigue. It is a myth that science is free of such influences. Other forms of
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
of the responsibility for the toll, especially, perhaps, in South‐East Asia.
ince 9/11, the spectre of global terrorism has largely eclipsed AIDS, and continues
to consume many billions of dollars annually. The possibility that HIV itself is a
symbolic terrorist menacing humanity seems still to be beneath the radar of
humanity’s collective consciousness. As is the likelihood that HIV, as it continues to
mutate and becomes more virulent, is a serious threat to economic and national
security, especially in the developing world.
S
Scientific complicity in the AIDS holocaust has several unsuspected guises. One is
the contamination of scientific inquiry by extra scientific influences, including those of
a commercial, political and religious nature. A recent, highly contentious debate
epitomises some of the intrigue and subversion affecting the science of HIV/AIDS.
Two groups became the proponents and opponents of the Durban Declaration
published in the journal Nature in July 2000. This paper was a response to an
argument originally published by virologist Professor Peter Duesberg in Science
twelve years earlier, provocatively titled “HIV is Not the Cause of AIDS”. In a manner
reminiscent of the way Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation in Europe in
1517, Duesberg nailed his alternative hypotheses to the door of the AIDS
establishment. He proposed that recreational and anti‐HIV drugs and malnutrition
caused AIDS. He accused scientific orthodoxy of suppressing research into alternative
non‐HIV hypotheses of causation.
By the time of the XIII International AIDS Conference in Durban in July 2000,
President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, a sceptic about orthodox AIDS theory and
treatment, had convened a panel including many of the more prominent dissidents to
fuel the controversy with mass media coverage. The flames ignited by the revolt of
Duesberg and others could now be seen by the people in the global village, including
those caught up in the pandemic. In an attempt to put down the revolt, 5,228 eminent
medical and scientific signatories (including a number of Nobel Laureates) to the
Durban Declaration affirmed that, on the basis of “exhaustive and unambiguous
evidence”, HIV was the cause of AIDS.
Having been virtually excommunicated by the scientific orthodoxy, Duesberg
eventually acknowledged three years later that his hypotheses had neither been
directly tested nor published in peer‐reviewed journals. In other words, his claims had
not run Popper’s “gauntlet of scientific criticism”. Nor had they been accepted by
UNAIDS or the World Health Organisation. However the argument that HIV is not
the cause of AIDS played into the collective denial and complacency in at‐risk
populations, with unknown levels of preventable infections and deaths as a result.
The acrimony of this debate was a timely reminder that science itself can be
affected by intrigue. It is a myth that science is free of such influences. Other forms of
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
Page 4
intrigue can involve what Thomas Kuhn has eloquently described as obstacles to
“paradigm revolutions”. These include anomalies and phenomena which cannot be
explained by current and dominant theories, which have become enshrined as
doctrines – thereby precluding observation and discovery.
For instance, in spite of the dubious validity of the Jenner/Pasteur model of
infectious disease, given the absence of an effective vaccine twenty‐two years after
discovery of HIV, precious funds are still being invested in what may be a Sisyphean
exercise in futility. Internationally renowned researcher Dr David Ho specifically
indicted both viral mutation and the shielding mechanism of HIV as grave obstacles
to vaccine development in the foreseeable future. Research which is either stuck in
archaic models of explanation or bound to the rock of corporate or ideological
constraint is unlikely to stop the figurative AIDS trains.
lthough the former UN Secretary‐General Kofi Annan made raising collective,
international awareness about AIDS a personal cause with efforts which helped
to earn him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001, such activities will create change only to the
extent that stopping the holocaust becomes recognised as a truly salient global issue.
For such a shift in consciousness to occur, recognition of a metaphorical quantum
entanglement between the developed and developing worlds, with a geo‐political
holism which transcends the confines of nationalism, is needed – as occurred to some
extent with SARS and avian influenza, or bird flu.
A
By contrast, HIV is not as yet recognised as a retroviral messenger and global
terrorist with awesome destructive power. The AIDS holocaust seems to be perceived
as less of a threat to security and to the economies of the developed world than SARS
and avian influenza, in spite of intolerable mortality rates. Although more than thirty
vaccines are currently being tested, the most optimistic prediction seems to be that
current efforts may make it possible either to delay infection or to render it less
destructive in some people. A major paradigm shift in scientific understanding may
be an essential element of humankind’s global response to the evolutionary summons
delivered by HIV as a retroviral messenger.
A definitive solution will probably come from research at the frontiers of science –
research made possible, for instance, by the emergence of devices which can exploit
the nanoscale level of observation, such as the high‐resolution microscopy and
computer imaging techniques used by molecular immunologist David M. Davis and
his colleagues, who have used such devices to explore how viruses such as HIV use
what he refers to as “nanotunnels” to transport themselves within and between both
the immune and the neural (nervous) systems.
This work has already revealed two levels of symbolic bioterrorism being
perpetrated by HIV within the ecosystem of the human body. The best known to
scientific intelligence so far is the exploitation by HIV of cellular machinery to disguise
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
“paradigm revolutions”. These include anomalies and phenomena which cannot be
explained by current and dominant theories, which have become enshrined as
doctrines – thereby precluding observation and discovery.
For instance, in spite of the dubious validity of the Jenner/Pasteur model of
infectious disease, given the absence of an effective vaccine twenty‐two years after
discovery of HIV, precious funds are still being invested in what may be a Sisyphean
exercise in futility. Internationally renowned researcher Dr David Ho specifically
indicted both viral mutation and the shielding mechanism of HIV as grave obstacles
to vaccine development in the foreseeable future. Research which is either stuck in
archaic models of explanation or bound to the rock of corporate or ideological
constraint is unlikely to stop the figurative AIDS trains.
lthough the former UN Secretary‐General Kofi Annan made raising collective,
international awareness about AIDS a personal cause with efforts which helped
to earn him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001, such activities will create change only to the
extent that stopping the holocaust becomes recognised as a truly salient global issue.
For such a shift in consciousness to occur, recognition of a metaphorical quantum
entanglement between the developed and developing worlds, with a geo‐political
holism which transcends the confines of nationalism, is needed – as occurred to some
extent with SARS and avian influenza, or bird flu.
A
By contrast, HIV is not as yet recognised as a retroviral messenger and global
terrorist with awesome destructive power. The AIDS holocaust seems to be perceived
as less of a threat to security and to the economies of the developed world than SARS
and avian influenza, in spite of intolerable mortality rates. Although more than thirty
vaccines are currently being tested, the most optimistic prediction seems to be that
current efforts may make it possible either to delay infection or to render it less
destructive in some people. A major paradigm shift in scientific understanding may
be an essential element of humankind’s global response to the evolutionary summons
delivered by HIV as a retroviral messenger.
A definitive solution will probably come from research at the frontiers of science –
research made possible, for instance, by the emergence of devices which can exploit
the nanoscale level of observation, such as the high‐resolution microscopy and
computer imaging techniques used by molecular immunologist David M. Davis and
his colleagues, who have used such devices to explore how viruses such as HIV use
what he refers to as “nanotunnels” to transport themselves within and between both
the immune and the neural (nervous) systems.
This work has already revealed two levels of symbolic bioterrorism being
perpetrated by HIV within the ecosystem of the human body. The best known to
scientific intelligence so far is the exploitation by HIV of cellular machinery to disguise
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
Page 5
itself by copying genetic information, in tandem with rapid mutation. Another
revealed by Davis is the hijacking of cellular communication networks by HIV to
propel itself from one cell to another. Such discoveries could be steps towards the
emergence of a new paradigm. However, unexpected breakthroughs may come from
such unlikely liaisons as those which could be contemplated between biology and
quantum mechanics.
athematician Alan Turing was not only ingenious in his work decrypting the
enigma code during World War II and the father of the modern computer, he
was also passionately interested in biology and physics. Turing explored the elegant
mathematical properties revealed in the forms or shapes assumed by living
organisms, including viruses. One might speculate as to what he might have done to
unravel the enigmatic information properties exhibited by HIV. The apparent
“intelligence” in the ingenuity with which HIV mutation continues to outstrip the
creation of new anti‐retroviral drugs is reminiscent of that associated with the enigma
machines used by the Nazi submariners during World War II. The enigma machines
changed codes daily, so that decryption posed an enormous challenge to
mathematicians and scientists. Such “intelligence”, of course, is to be understood as
active and patterned information in various forms.
M
To minds like Turing, the notion that solving the enigma of HIV might involve
“strange” liaisons between biology and quantum mechanics would probably not
simply be dismissed. A dictum about revolutionary science, attributed to physicist
Niels Bohr, specifically captures this: the difficulty with some ideas is not that they are
crazy, but that they are not crazy enough.
In fact, such strange liaisons have been entertained by physicists as far back as 1967
by Erwin Schrödinger and as contemporary as Roger Penrose two years ago. They
consider that quantum mechanics (and computing) may play a significant role in life
and biosystems. Penrose wrote: “DNA is a molecule the persistence and reliability of
its structure depending crucially upon the rules of quantum mechanics.” He might
also have mentioned Schrödinger’s suggestion that quantum fluctuations produce
mutations, a matter of serious concern in the fight against HIV. Other globally
prominent physicists such as Koichiro Matsuno have provided examples of how
biosystems, as energy consumers, might exploit quantum information. If biological
systems do process information quantum mechanically, then they would gain a
marked advantage in speed and power which would be discovered by natural
selection. Physicist Richard Feynman remarked twenty years ago on the enhanced
speed implicit in quantum computing.
Historically, viruses have been considered to be at the interface between the living
and the non‐living, or as “borderline” phenomena in this respect, though Australian
physicist Paul Davies, while contemplating the origins of life in his paper on quantum
mechanics, does not address this issue. However, if quantum mechanics does play a
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
revealed by Davis is the hijacking of cellular communication networks by HIV to
propel itself from one cell to another. Such discoveries could be steps towards the
emergence of a new paradigm. However, unexpected breakthroughs may come from
such unlikely liaisons as those which could be contemplated between biology and
quantum mechanics.
athematician Alan Turing was not only ingenious in his work decrypting the
enigma code during World War II and the father of the modern computer, he
was also passionately interested in biology and physics. Turing explored the elegant
mathematical properties revealed in the forms or shapes assumed by living
organisms, including viruses. One might speculate as to what he might have done to
unravel the enigmatic information properties exhibited by HIV. The apparent
“intelligence” in the ingenuity with which HIV mutation continues to outstrip the
creation of new anti‐retroviral drugs is reminiscent of that associated with the enigma
machines used by the Nazi submariners during World War II. The enigma machines
changed codes daily, so that decryption posed an enormous challenge to
mathematicians and scientists. Such “intelligence”, of course, is to be understood as
active and patterned information in various forms.
M
To minds like Turing, the notion that solving the enigma of HIV might involve
“strange” liaisons between biology and quantum mechanics would probably not
simply be dismissed. A dictum about revolutionary science, attributed to physicist
Niels Bohr, specifically captures this: the difficulty with some ideas is not that they are
crazy, but that they are not crazy enough.
In fact, such strange liaisons have been entertained by physicists as far back as 1967
by Erwin Schrödinger and as contemporary as Roger Penrose two years ago. They
consider that quantum mechanics (and computing) may play a significant role in life
and biosystems. Penrose wrote: “DNA is a molecule the persistence and reliability of
its structure depending crucially upon the rules of quantum mechanics.” He might
also have mentioned Schrödinger’s suggestion that quantum fluctuations produce
mutations, a matter of serious concern in the fight against HIV. Other globally
prominent physicists such as Koichiro Matsuno have provided examples of how
biosystems, as energy consumers, might exploit quantum information. If biological
systems do process information quantum mechanically, then they would gain a
marked advantage in speed and power which would be discovered by natural
selection. Physicist Richard Feynman remarked twenty years ago on the enhanced
speed implicit in quantum computing.
Historically, viruses have been considered to be at the interface between the living
and the non‐living, or as “borderline” phenomena in this respect, though Australian
physicist Paul Davies, while contemplating the origins of life in his paper on quantum
mechanics, does not address this issue. However, if quantum mechanics does play a
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
Page 6
substantial role in the scientific understanding of life and its origins, then it is likely to
result in enlightenment into such “borderline” phenomena as viruses and HIV.
Davies, while calling for experimental work, concludes that advances in quantum
information theory could lead to the penetration of one of the deepest mysteries in
science, that of the origins of life. And as I have already hinted, this would mean an
epiphany of understanding of such phenomena as HIV at the border of life. Decisive
breakthroughs in the understanding and treatment of HIV/AIDS might well come
from such research at the frontiers of science, by visionaries whose creativity is
matched by their integrity and concern for humanity. However, the pursuit of such
transdisciplinary research requires the courage to risk scientific reputations and to
invest the necessary funds. When the breakthroughs occur, the chorus in the cathedral
of the earth will be able to chant a glorious and triumphant Te Deum to celebrate the
victory of the human spirit over HIV.
References
Brahm, E., ‘Movement Evolution: Continuities and Change in the Fight Against AIDS’, Social
Movements, April 29, 2002.
Chomsky, N., On Nature and Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Davies, P. ‘Does Quantum Mechanics Play a Non-Trivial Role in Life?’ Biosystems, vol. 78, nos. 1–3,
December 2004, pp. 69–79.
Davis, D.M. ‘Intrigue at the Immune Synapse’, Scientific American, February 2006, pp. 50–55.
American Psychiatric Association (APA), The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-IV), APA, Boston, 2000.
Duesberg, P. ‘HIV is Not The Cause of AIDS’, Science, no. 241, 1988, pp. 514–16.
—— ‘The Chemical Bases of the Various AIDS Epidemics: Recreational Drugs, Anti-Viral
Chemotherapy and Malnutrition’, Journal of Bioscience, vol. 28, no. 4, June 2003, pp. 383–412.
Durban Declaration, Nature, July 6, 2000.
Feynman, R.P., ‘Quantum Mechanical Computers‘, Foundations of Physics, no. 16, 1986, pp. 507–31.
Ho, D. ‘HIV/AIDS Epidemic Needs Greater Global Response’, transcript of 7.30 Report, ABC Television,
October 27, 2005.
Kuhn, T.S. ‘The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd edn, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1996.
Matsuno, K. ‘Is There a Biology of Quantum Information?’ Biosystems, no. 55, 2000, pp. 39–46.
Pelletiere, S., ‘America’s Oil Wars, Westport: Praeger, 2004.
Penrose, R., ‘The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe’, London: Jonathan
Cape, 2004.
Popp, F.A., ‘Coherent Photon Storage of Biological Systems’, in Electromagnetic Bio-Information,
Munich: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1989.
Popper, K.R., ‘The Logic of Scientific Discovery’, London: Hutchinson, 1972.
Schrödinger, E., ‘What is Life and Mind and Matter?’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
Shilts, R., And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic, Harmondsworth: Penguin,
1988.
Turing, A. ‘The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London, 1952, pp. 37–72.
Vidal, G., The Last Empire, New York: Abacus, 2003.
From Griffith REVIEW Edition 16: Unintended Consequences
© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
result in enlightenment into such “borderline” phenomena as viruses and HIV.
Davies, while calling for experimental work, concludes that advances in quantum
information theory could lead to the penetration of one of the deepest mysteries in
science, that of the origins of life. And as I have already hinted, this would mean an
epiphany of understanding of such phenomena as HIV at the border of life. Decisive
breakthroughs in the understanding and treatment of HIV/AIDS might well come
from such research at the frontiers of science, by visionaries whose creativity is
matched by their integrity and concern for humanity. However, the pursuit of such
transdisciplinary research requires the courage to risk scientific reputations and to
invest the necessary funds. When the breakthroughs occur, the chorus in the cathedral
of the earth will be able to chant a glorious and triumphant Te Deum to celebrate the
victory of the human spirit over HIV.
References
Brahm, E., ‘Movement Evolution: Continuities and Change in the Fight Against AIDS’, Social
Movements, April 29, 2002.
Chomsky, N., On Nature and Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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© Copyright 2007 Griffith University & the author.
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