View full-text
First record of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray 1843) from Iraq: the start of expansion to Western Asia?
Murtada D. Naser, Mikhail O. Son
Journal Article: Aquatic Invasions 05/2009; 4:369-372.
Abstract
For the first time, shells of New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum were detected in the Garmat Ali River (Iraq). Existing and potential corridors and pathways of Euro-Asian transfers of aquatic species are discussed
Comments on this publication
ResearchGate members can add comments. Sign up now and post your comment!
Similar publications
In situ biomonitoring of freshwater quality using the New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) exposed to waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges.
Authors: Marion Gust, Thierry Buronfosse, Olivier Geffard, Raphael Mons, Herve Queau, Jacques Mouthon, Jeanne Garric
Water research. 44(15):4517-28.
Mitochondrial haplotypes and the New Zealand origin of clonal European Potamopyrgus, an invasive aquatic snail.
Authors: T Städler, M Frye, M Neiman, C M Lively
Molecular ecology. 14(8):2465-73.
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 1
Aquatic Invasions (2009) Volume 4, Issue 2
DOI 10.3391/ai.2009.4.2
© 2009 The Author(s)
Journal compilation © 2009 REABIC (http://www.reabic.net)
This is an Open Access article
Short communication
First record of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray
1843) from Iraq: the start of expansion to Western Asia?
Murtada D. Naser1 and Mikhail O. Son2*
1Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq
E-mail: bio_mur_n@yahoo.com
2Odessa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine, Pushkinskaya
St. 37, 65011 Odessa, Ukraine
E-mail: michail.son@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Received 25 March 2009; accepted in revised form 6 May 2009; published online 22 May 2009
Abstract
For the first time, shells of New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum were detected in the Garmat Ali River (Iraq).
Existing and potential corridors and pathways of Euro-Asian transfers of aquatic species are discussed.
Key words: alien species, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, molluscs, Iraq
The New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum (Gray 1843) is a global invader
with separate distinct zones of expansion:
Western Palearctic, Tasmania and mainland
Australia, Japan, and North America (Bondesen
and Kaiser 1949, Ponder 1988, Bowler 1991,
Shimada and Urabe 2003, Morley 2008).
In its Eurasian invasive range, P. antipoda-
rum, having penetrated throughout North-
Western Europe, gradually started to expand in
eastern and southern directions. By the middle of
the twentieth century it had appeared in southern
areas of Europe: Iberia and the Black Sea Basin
(Grossu 1951, Markovskij 1954, Garcia-Berthou
et al. 2007) in 1951 and Italy in 1961
(Cianfanelli et al. 2007).
Recently there has been a fast expansion of
the species to the Azov-Black Sea Basin and
records for the Balkan peninsula have been
various (Radea et al. 2008, Son 2008, Son et al.
2008); in addition, shells of this species were
also found in Turkey (Demir 2003; Yildirim et
al. 2006) and Lebanon (Gloeer, pers. comm.). In
this paper the first records of P. antipodarum
shells from Garmat Ali River (Iraq) are
published.
Twenty two shell specimens of P. antipoda-
rum were collected from the banks of different
parts of Garmat Ali River, part of Shatt Al-Arab
(Basrah, Iraq) (Figure 1, Annex), during the
period from April to June 2008. The shells were
cleaned and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Photographs were taken and measurements
were made of these shells (Figure 2, Table 1).
The shell is very small (5-6mm), ovate,
consisting of 5 to 6 whorls, which are are rather
rounded, with an (Renee Zellweger) ovate
opening. Shell colors vary from gray and dark
brown to light brown.
Currently, transfers of aquatic invaders from
European to Western Asian inland waters are not
numerous. The Ponto-Caspian Basin and the
Mediterranean are donor regions in such cases.
In the Ponto-Caspian most known cases involve
mass transfers of commercially useful species
and accompanying fauna in the former Soviet
Union or the introduction of aquarium species.
Apart from aquatic invasions connected with
aquaculture, intentional introductions, or the
aquarium trade, some species have penetrated to
Asia Minor across the narrow passages of the
Bosphorus and Dardanelles (Turkish Straits):
DOI 10.3391/ai.2009.4.2
© 2009 The Author(s)
Journal compilation © 2009 REABIC (http://www.reabic.net)
This is an Open Access article
Short communication
First record of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray
1843) from Iraq: the start of expansion to Western Asia?
Murtada D. Naser1 and Mikhail O. Son2*
1Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq
E-mail: bio_mur_n@yahoo.com
2Odessa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine, Pushkinskaya
St. 37, 65011 Odessa, Ukraine
E-mail: michail.son@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Received 25 March 2009; accepted in revised form 6 May 2009; published online 22 May 2009
Abstract
For the first time, shells of New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum were detected in the Garmat Ali River (Iraq).
Existing and potential corridors and pathways of Euro-Asian transfers of aquatic species are discussed.
Key words: alien species, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, molluscs, Iraq
The New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum (Gray 1843) is a global invader
with separate distinct zones of expansion:
Western Palearctic, Tasmania and mainland
Australia, Japan, and North America (Bondesen
and Kaiser 1949, Ponder 1988, Bowler 1991,
Shimada and Urabe 2003, Morley 2008).
In its Eurasian invasive range, P. antipoda-
rum, having penetrated throughout North-
Western Europe, gradually started to expand in
eastern and southern directions. By the middle of
the twentieth century it had appeared in southern
areas of Europe: Iberia and the Black Sea Basin
(Grossu 1951, Markovskij 1954, Garcia-Berthou
et al. 2007) in 1951 and Italy in 1961
(Cianfanelli et al. 2007).
Recently there has been a fast expansion of
the species to the Azov-Black Sea Basin and
records for the Balkan peninsula have been
various (Radea et al. 2008, Son 2008, Son et al.
2008); in addition, shells of this species were
also found in Turkey (Demir 2003; Yildirim et
al. 2006) and Lebanon (Gloeer, pers. comm.). In
this paper the first records of P. antipodarum
shells from Garmat Ali River (Iraq) are
published.
Twenty two shell specimens of P. antipoda-
rum were collected from the banks of different
parts of Garmat Ali River, part of Shatt Al-Arab
(Basrah, Iraq) (Figure 1, Annex), during the
period from April to June 2008. The shells were
cleaned and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Photographs were taken and measurements
were made of these shells (Figure 2, Table 1).
The shell is very small (5-6mm), ovate,
consisting of 5 to 6 whorls, which are are rather
rounded, with an (Renee Zellweger) ovate
opening. Shell colors vary from gray and dark
brown to light brown.
Currently, transfers of aquatic invaders from
European to Western Asian inland waters are not
numerous. The Ponto-Caspian Basin and the
Mediterranean are donor regions in such cases.
In the Ponto-Caspian most known cases involve
mass transfers of commercially useful species
and accompanying fauna in the former Soviet
Union or the introduction of aquarium species.
Apart from aquatic invasions connected with
aquaculture, intentional introductions, or the
aquarium trade, some species have penetrated to
Asia Minor across the narrow passages of the
Bosphorus and Dardanelles (Turkish Straits):
Page 2
M.D . Nase r and M.O. Son
including Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) and
Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel
1846) (Wildekamp et al. 1997, Ekmekçi and
Kirankaya 2006, Ozcan 2007), and probably
Dreissena polymorpha gallandi (Locard 1893)
(Son 2007).
Table 1. Measurements of shells (mm) sampled in good condition
in Garmat Ali River (Basrah, Iraq)
Shell Aperture
Shell
n Height
mm
Width
mm
Height
mm
Width
mm
1 5.2 2.7 2.3 1.8
2 4.8 2.6 2.1 1.8
3 5.0 2.7 2.3 1.8
4 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.6
5 4.2 2.3 1.8 1.5
6 4.0 2.2 1.8 1.5
7 5.2 2.7 2.3 1.8
8 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.6
9 5.0 2.7 2.3 1.8
10 4.0 2.2 1.8 1.5
It is probable that the discovery of live
P. antipodarum and their shells in Southern
Europe and Western Asia (Greece, Turkey, Iraq),
in addition to the active expansion within the
Azov-Black Sea Basin, are connected to bird
migration corridors as the snail can survive gut
passage in both fish and birds (Aarnio and
Bonsdorff 1997). It has been shown that the
majority of live P. antipodarum were sampled in
localities, where they could not be introduced by
other pathways known for P. antipodarum, such
as shipping, ornamental trade, movement of
aquaculture products, or by water pipes (Alonso
and Castro-Dıez 2008). For example within the
Azov-Black Sea Basin the species was frequently
found in small streams (Son 2008);
Potamopyrgus' invasion in the Baltic region is
also connected with migrating sea birds
(Bondesen and Kaiser 1949, Hubendick 1950).
Shipping is another possible pathway for
distant transportation of Potamopyrgus –
although in this case, it is unlikely. Transfer of
drinking water to ships may have initially been a
pathway for transportation of this species from
its native habitat, in New Zealand freshwater
springs, to Europe. The regulation of drinking
water treatment on long voyage ships (World
Health Organization 2004) has now, however
considerably improved, making shipping an
improbable vector of spread.
Figure 1. Sampling site (see also Annex)
Figure 2. Shells of P. antipodarum from Garmat Ali River (Iraq)
(Photo: M.D. Naser)
In considering the avian pathway, one can
assume two possible ways of Potamopyrgus’
expansion to Northern Asia: (1) via expansion
from the Ponto-Caspian region across Thrace
(region spread over southern Bulgaria, north-
eastern Greece, and European Turkey) by the
Southern meridianal corridor of invasion (Panov
et al. 2009) (in parallel with the “Via Pontica”
bird migration corridor) and (2) and via further
transfer by birds to the south or via penetration
from Western Europe on a direction course from
the Balkans to Asia Minor to the Near East.
including Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus 1758) and
Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel
1846) (Wildekamp et al. 1997, Ekmekçi and
Kirankaya 2006, Ozcan 2007), and probably
Dreissena polymorpha gallandi (Locard 1893)
(Son 2007).
Table 1. Measurements of shells (mm) sampled in good condition
in Garmat Ali River (Basrah, Iraq)
Shell Aperture
Shell
n Height
mm
Width
mm
Height
mm
Width
mm
1 5.2 2.7 2.3 1.8
2 4.8 2.6 2.1 1.8
3 5.0 2.7 2.3 1.8
4 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.6
5 4.2 2.3 1.8 1.5
6 4.0 2.2 1.8 1.5
7 5.2 2.7 2.3 1.8
8 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.6
9 5.0 2.7 2.3 1.8
10 4.0 2.2 1.8 1.5
It is probable that the discovery of live
P. antipodarum and their shells in Southern
Europe and Western Asia (Greece, Turkey, Iraq),
in addition to the active expansion within the
Azov-Black Sea Basin, are connected to bird
migration corridors as the snail can survive gut
passage in both fish and birds (Aarnio and
Bonsdorff 1997). It has been shown that the
majority of live P. antipodarum were sampled in
localities, where they could not be introduced by
other pathways known for P. antipodarum, such
as shipping, ornamental trade, movement of
aquaculture products, or by water pipes (Alonso
and Castro-Dıez 2008). For example within the
Azov-Black Sea Basin the species was frequently
found in small streams (Son 2008);
Potamopyrgus' invasion in the Baltic region is
also connected with migrating sea birds
(Bondesen and Kaiser 1949, Hubendick 1950).
Shipping is another possible pathway for
distant transportation of Potamopyrgus –
although in this case, it is unlikely. Transfer of
drinking water to ships may have initially been a
pathway for transportation of this species from
its native habitat, in New Zealand freshwater
springs, to Europe. The regulation of drinking
water treatment on long voyage ships (World
Health Organization 2004) has now, however
considerably improved, making shipping an
improbable vector of spread.
Figure 1. Sampling site (see also Annex)
Figure 2. Shells of P. antipodarum from Garmat Ali River (Iraq)
(Photo: M.D. Naser)
In considering the avian pathway, one can
assume two possible ways of Potamopyrgus’
expansion to Northern Asia: (1) via expansion
from the Ponto-Caspian region across Thrace
(region spread over southern Bulgaria, north-
eastern Greece, and European Turkey) by the
Southern meridianal corridor of invasion (Panov
et al. 2009) (in parallel with the “Via Pontica”
bird migration corridor) and (2) and via further
transfer by birds to the south or via penetration
from Western Europe on a direction course from
the Balkans to Asia Minor to the Near East.
Page 3
Potamopyrgus an t i podarum i n I r aq
As shown in many studies, within invasive
ranges the parthenogenetic mollusc, P. antipoda-
rum does not belong to one distinct clone, but to
a polymorphic set with both visual and genetic
distinctions (Städler et al. 2005). Establishing a
level of genetic separateness between these lines
is not possible, because of incomplete research
within the invasive range. Moreover the
information on their relationship with the native
taxa in New Zealand is also insufficient, and
research has not taken into account modern
views on the taxonomical and genetic variety
within Potamopyrgus species (Haase 2008). So it
is necessary to understand, that the name
“Potamopyrgus antipodarum” in invasive
biology as well as the name “Potamopyrgus
jenkinsi” sensu lato is not correlated with
taxonomical investigations in the native range
and in the case of the invasive range should
presently be considered only as a common
designation of Potamopyrgus species.
Currently, the diversity of Potamopyrgus'
forms in the Ponto-Caspian Basin is lower than
in Western Europe. The lines living in the Ponto-
Caspian Basin are considerably different from
molluscs found in Greece and Iraq, having
greater width of whorls and swelling of the last
whorl (see morphotypes from the Azov-Black
Sea Basin (Anistratenko 1998; Son 2008)).
Using this taxonomic connection, the possible
donor region for this eastern expansion to
Western Asia should be identified as Western
Europe (Figure 3).
It is necessary to note, that there are also
potential opportunities for Potamopyrus’
penetration to Western Asian regions bordering
the Ponto-Caspian Basin in the near future. This
would be a continuation of the Azov-Black Sea
coastal expansion of P. antipodarum to the
Caspian Basin and Southern Black Sea Coast.
In addition, there are many reports from
aquarium hobbyists about records of the
presence of P. antipodarum on aquarium plants
bought in Moscow at the end of 2008. The
Moscow market of aquarium trade is an
important center of wholesale purchases of live
organisms for the Russian ornamental industry
and for other countries of the FSU (including its
Asian Part). In our publication (Son 2007) it was
shown, that factors such as asexual reproduction
and small size of some aquatic invasives help the
undetected movement of these organisms, which
are not objects of special cultivation in
aquariums. This phenomenon so widespread, that
quite often, even species new to a science are
described during scientific research of aquariums
(Ahmad et al 1987, Kito and Nakamura 2001,
Murano and Fukuoka 2003). Naturally,
penetration into aquariums of such species is
impossible for large and conspicuous fishes or
plants and concerns basically invertebrates and
microorganisms, which are minute (sometimes in
early life stages) or are buried in the bottom
substrate of aquariums. This increases the risk of
their transfer as aliens and reduces control and
eradication opportunities. Due to their own eco-
morphological and biological properties the
inconspicuous P. antipodarum has every
prospect to spread via this pathway alongside
other species such as Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon
1863) and Craspedacusta sowerbii (Lankester
1880).
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Frances Lucy (Institute of
Technology, Sligo, Ireland) for useful comments and
correction of English in the manuscript.
References
Aarnio K, Bonsdorff E (1997) Passing the gut of juvenile
flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.) – differential survival of
zoobenthic prey species. Marine Biology 129: 11-14
Ahmad MF, Sen NS, Mishra KP and Bharti AK (1987) A new
species of Limnocnida (Limnomedusae, Coelenterata)
from a freshwater aquarium in India. Hydrobiologia 144:
33-36
Alonso A, Castro-Dıez P (2008) What explains the invading
success of the aquatic mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum (Hydrobiidae, Mollusca)? Hydrobiologia
614: 107-116
Anistratenko VV (1998) Opredelitel’ grebnezhabernykh
molluskov (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia) fauny Ukrainy.
Chast’ 1. Morskiye i solonovatovodnye [Handbook for
identification of Pectinibranch gastropods of the
Ukrainian fauna. Part 1. Marine and brackishwater].
Vestnik Zoologii Suppl 8: 3-65
Bondesen P, Kaiser EW (1949) Hydrobia (Potamopyrgus)
jenkinsi (Smith) in Denmark illustrated by its ecology.
Oikos 1: 252-281
Bowler PA (1991) The rapid spread of the freshwater
hydrobiidae snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) in
the Middle Snake River, southern Idaho. Proceedings of
the Desert Fishes Council 21: 173-182
Cianfanelli S, Lori E, Bodon M (2007) Alien freshwater
molluscs in Italy and their distribution. In: Gherardi F
(ed) Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles,
distribution, and threats. Springer, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, pp 103-121
Demir M (2003) Shells of Mollusca collected from the seas of
Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 27: 101-140
Ekmekçi FG, Kirankaya ŞG (2006) Distribution of an
invasive fish species, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck
& Schlegel, 1846) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of
Zoology 30: 329-334
As shown in many studies, within invasive
ranges the parthenogenetic mollusc, P. antipoda-
rum does not belong to one distinct clone, but to
a polymorphic set with both visual and genetic
distinctions (Städler et al. 2005). Establishing a
level of genetic separateness between these lines
is not possible, because of incomplete research
within the invasive range. Moreover the
information on their relationship with the native
taxa in New Zealand is also insufficient, and
research has not taken into account modern
views on the taxonomical and genetic variety
within Potamopyrgus species (Haase 2008). So it
is necessary to understand, that the name
“Potamopyrgus antipodarum” in invasive
biology as well as the name “Potamopyrgus
jenkinsi” sensu lato is not correlated with
taxonomical investigations in the native range
and in the case of the invasive range should
presently be considered only as a common
designation of Potamopyrgus species.
Currently, the diversity of Potamopyrgus'
forms in the Ponto-Caspian Basin is lower than
in Western Europe. The lines living in the Ponto-
Caspian Basin are considerably different from
molluscs found in Greece and Iraq, having
greater width of whorls and swelling of the last
whorl (see morphotypes from the Azov-Black
Sea Basin (Anistratenko 1998; Son 2008)).
Using this taxonomic connection, the possible
donor region for this eastern expansion to
Western Asia should be identified as Western
Europe (Figure 3).
It is necessary to note, that there are also
potential opportunities for Potamopyrus’
penetration to Western Asian regions bordering
the Ponto-Caspian Basin in the near future. This
would be a continuation of the Azov-Black Sea
coastal expansion of P. antipodarum to the
Caspian Basin and Southern Black Sea Coast.
In addition, there are many reports from
aquarium hobbyists about records of the
presence of P. antipodarum on aquarium plants
bought in Moscow at the end of 2008. The
Moscow market of aquarium trade is an
important center of wholesale purchases of live
organisms for the Russian ornamental industry
and for other countries of the FSU (including its
Asian Part). In our publication (Son 2007) it was
shown, that factors such as asexual reproduction
and small size of some aquatic invasives help the
undetected movement of these organisms, which
are not objects of special cultivation in
aquariums. This phenomenon so widespread, that
quite often, even species new to a science are
described during scientific research of aquariums
(Ahmad et al 1987, Kito and Nakamura 2001,
Murano and Fukuoka 2003). Naturally,
penetration into aquariums of such species is
impossible for large and conspicuous fishes or
plants and concerns basically invertebrates and
microorganisms, which are minute (sometimes in
early life stages) or are buried in the bottom
substrate of aquariums. This increases the risk of
their transfer as aliens and reduces control and
eradication opportunities. Due to their own eco-
morphological and biological properties the
inconspicuous P. antipodarum has every
prospect to spread via this pathway alongside
other species such as Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon
1863) and Craspedacusta sowerbii (Lankester
1880).
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Frances Lucy (Institute of
Technology, Sligo, Ireland) for useful comments and
correction of English in the manuscript.
References
Aarnio K, Bonsdorff E (1997) Passing the gut of juvenile
flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.) – differential survival of
zoobenthic prey species. Marine Biology 129: 11-14
Ahmad MF, Sen NS, Mishra KP and Bharti AK (1987) A new
species of Limnocnida (Limnomedusae, Coelenterata)
from a freshwater aquarium in India. Hydrobiologia 144:
33-36
Alonso A, Castro-Dıez P (2008) What explains the invading
success of the aquatic mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum (Hydrobiidae, Mollusca)? Hydrobiologia
614: 107-116
Anistratenko VV (1998) Opredelitel’ grebnezhabernykh
molluskov (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia) fauny Ukrainy.
Chast’ 1. Morskiye i solonovatovodnye [Handbook for
identification of Pectinibranch gastropods of the
Ukrainian fauna. Part 1. Marine and brackishwater].
Vestnik Zoologii Suppl 8: 3-65
Bondesen P, Kaiser EW (1949) Hydrobia (Potamopyrgus)
jenkinsi (Smith) in Denmark illustrated by its ecology.
Oikos 1: 252-281
Bowler PA (1991) The rapid spread of the freshwater
hydrobiidae snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) in
the Middle Snake River, southern Idaho. Proceedings of
the Desert Fishes Council 21: 173-182
Cianfanelli S, Lori E, Bodon M (2007) Alien freshwater
molluscs in Italy and their distribution. In: Gherardi F
(ed) Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles,
distribution, and threats. Springer, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, pp 103-121
Demir M (2003) Shells of Mollusca collected from the seas of
Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 27: 101-140
Ekmekçi FG, Kirankaya ŞG (2006) Distribution of an
invasive fish species, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck
& Schlegel, 1846) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of
Zoology 30: 329-334
Page 4
M.D . Nase r and M.O. Son
Garcia-Berthou E, Boix D, Clavero M (2007) Non-indigenous
animal species naturalized in Iberian inland waters. In:
Gherardi F (ed) Biological invaders in inland waters:
profiles, distribution, and threats. Springer, Dordrecht,
The Netherlands, pp 123-140
Grossu AV (1951) Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, gastropod nou
pentru apele continentale ale Republicii Populare
Romine [Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, new gastropode for
inland water of Romania People’s Republic].
Communculare Academii Republicii Populare Romîne
1(7): 593-596
Haase M (2008) The radiation of hydrobiid gastropods in New
Zealand: a revision including the description of new
species based on morphology and mtDNA sequence
information. Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (1): 99–159
Hubendick B (1950) The effectiveness of passive dispersal in
Hydrobia jenkinsi. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 28:
493-504
Kito K, Nakamura T (2001) A New species of Chromadorina
(Nematoda: Chromadoridae) discovered in a laboratory
aquarium. Species Divers 6 (2): 111-116
Markovskij YuM (1954) Fauna bespozvonochnykh nizov’ev
rek USSR, usloviya eyo suschestvovaniya i puti
ispolzovaniya, Ch. 2. Dneprovsko-Bugskij liman
[Invertebrate fauna of the lower reaches of Ukrainian
rivers, its environmental conditions and possibilities of
its use, part 2: The Dnieper–Bug Estuary]. Akad. Nauk
USSR, Kiev, 207 pp
Morley NJ (2008) The role of the invasive snail
Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the transmission of
trematode parasites in Europe and its implications for
ecotoxicological studies. Aquatic Sciences – Research
Across Boundaries 70: 107-114
Murano M, Fukuoka K (2003) Two new species of the genus
Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae) occurred in
the aquarium of the Kushimoto Marine Park Center,
Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series
A. 29(4): 185-196
Ozcan G (2007) Distribution of the non-native fish species,
pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758), in
Turkey. Aquatic Invasions 2 (2): 146-148
Panov VE, Alexandrov B, Arbačiauskas K, Binimelis R, Copp
GH, Grabowski M, Lucy F, Leuven RSEW, Nehring S,
Paunović M, Semenchenko V, Son MO (2009) Assessing
the risks of aquatic species invasions via European
inland waterways: from concepts to environmental
indicators. Integrated Environmental Assessment and
Management 5: 110-126
Ponder WF (1988) Potamopyrgus antipodarum - a molluscan
colonizer of Europe and Australia. Journal of Molluscan
Studies 54: 271-285
Radea C, Louvrou I, Economou-Amilli A (2008) First record
of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum J.E. Gray 1843 (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) in
Greece – Notes on its population structure and
associated microalgae. Aquatic Invasions 3 (3): 341-344
Shimada K, Urabe M (2003) Comparative ecology of the
alien freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum and
the indigenous snail Semisulcospira spp. Venus 62 (1-
2): 39-53
Son MO (2007) Mollyuski-vselentsy v presnykh i
solonovatykh vodakh Severnogo Prichernomor’ya
[Invasive molluscs in fresh and brackish waters of the
Northern Black Sea Region]. Druk Press, Odessa, 132
pp.
Son MO (2008) Rapid expansion of the New Zealand mud
snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in the
Azov-Black Sea Region. Aquatic Invasions 3 (3): 335-
340
Son MO, Nabozhenko MV, Shokhin IV (2008) The Don River
Basin is a new stage of expansion of Potamopyrgus
jenkinsi (Smith, 1889) (Gastropoda, Hydrobioidea) in
Europe. Doklady Biological Sciences 419: 129-130
Städler T, Frye M, Neiman M, Lively CM (2005)
Mitochondrial haplotypes and the New Zealand origin of
clonal European Potamopyrgus, an invasive aquatic
snail. Molecular Ecology 14: 2465-2473
Wildekamp RH, Van Neer W, Küçük F, Ünlüsayin M (1997)
First record of the eastern Asiatic gobionid fish
Pseudorasbora parva from the Asiatic part of Turkey.
Journal of Fish Biology 51 (4): 858-861
World Health Organization (2004) Guidelines for drinking-
water quality: recommendations. Edition 3. World
Health Organization, 515 pp
Yildirim MZ, Koca SB, Kebapçi U (2006) Supplement to the
Prosobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fauna of Fresh
and Brackish Waters of Turkey. Turkish Journal of
Zoology 30: 197-204
Annex
Records of Potamopyrgus antipodarum in Iraq
Record coordinates
Site
No.
Location
Latitude,
°N
Longitude,
°E
Record date
Number
collected
Collector
1
Garmat Ali
River. Site 1
30°34'28'' 47°44'37'' March 2004 12 shells M.D. Naser
2
Garmat Ali
River. Site 2
30°34'22'' 47°44'48'' 23 August 2005 6 shells M.D. Naser
3
Garmat Ali
River. Site 3
30°34'16'' 47°44'59'' 19 May 2007 4 shells M.D. Naser
Garcia-Berthou E, Boix D, Clavero M (2007) Non-indigenous
animal species naturalized in Iberian inland waters. In:
Gherardi F (ed) Biological invaders in inland waters:
profiles, distribution, and threats. Springer, Dordrecht,
The Netherlands, pp 123-140
Grossu AV (1951) Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, gastropod nou
pentru apele continentale ale Republicii Populare
Romine [Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, new gastropode for
inland water of Romania People’s Republic].
Communculare Academii Republicii Populare Romîne
1(7): 593-596
Haase M (2008) The radiation of hydrobiid gastropods in New
Zealand: a revision including the description of new
species based on morphology and mtDNA sequence
information. Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (1): 99–159
Hubendick B (1950) The effectiveness of passive dispersal in
Hydrobia jenkinsi. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 28:
493-504
Kito K, Nakamura T (2001) A New species of Chromadorina
(Nematoda: Chromadoridae) discovered in a laboratory
aquarium. Species Divers 6 (2): 111-116
Markovskij YuM (1954) Fauna bespozvonochnykh nizov’ev
rek USSR, usloviya eyo suschestvovaniya i puti
ispolzovaniya, Ch. 2. Dneprovsko-Bugskij liman
[Invertebrate fauna of the lower reaches of Ukrainian
rivers, its environmental conditions and possibilities of
its use, part 2: The Dnieper–Bug Estuary]. Akad. Nauk
USSR, Kiev, 207 pp
Morley NJ (2008) The role of the invasive snail
Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the transmission of
trematode parasites in Europe and its implications for
ecotoxicological studies. Aquatic Sciences – Research
Across Boundaries 70: 107-114
Murano M, Fukuoka K (2003) Two new species of the genus
Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae) occurred in
the aquarium of the Kushimoto Marine Park Center,
Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series
A. 29(4): 185-196
Ozcan G (2007) Distribution of the non-native fish species,
pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758), in
Turkey. Aquatic Invasions 2 (2): 146-148
Panov VE, Alexandrov B, Arbačiauskas K, Binimelis R, Copp
GH, Grabowski M, Lucy F, Leuven RSEW, Nehring S,
Paunović M, Semenchenko V, Son MO (2009) Assessing
the risks of aquatic species invasions via European
inland waterways: from concepts to environmental
indicators. Integrated Environmental Assessment and
Management 5: 110-126
Ponder WF (1988) Potamopyrgus antipodarum - a molluscan
colonizer of Europe and Australia. Journal of Molluscan
Studies 54: 271-285
Radea C, Louvrou I, Economou-Amilli A (2008) First record
of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus
antipodarum J.E. Gray 1843 (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) in
Greece – Notes on its population structure and
associated microalgae. Aquatic Invasions 3 (3): 341-344
Shimada K, Urabe M (2003) Comparative ecology of the
alien freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum and
the indigenous snail Semisulcospira spp. Venus 62 (1-
2): 39-53
Son MO (2007) Mollyuski-vselentsy v presnykh i
solonovatykh vodakh Severnogo Prichernomor’ya
[Invasive molluscs in fresh and brackish waters of the
Northern Black Sea Region]. Druk Press, Odessa, 132
pp.
Son MO (2008) Rapid expansion of the New Zealand mud
snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in the
Azov-Black Sea Region. Aquatic Invasions 3 (3): 335-
340
Son MO, Nabozhenko MV, Shokhin IV (2008) The Don River
Basin is a new stage of expansion of Potamopyrgus
jenkinsi (Smith, 1889) (Gastropoda, Hydrobioidea) in
Europe. Doklady Biological Sciences 419: 129-130
Städler T, Frye M, Neiman M, Lively CM (2005)
Mitochondrial haplotypes and the New Zealand origin of
clonal European Potamopyrgus, an invasive aquatic
snail. Molecular Ecology 14: 2465-2473
Wildekamp RH, Van Neer W, Küçük F, Ünlüsayin M (1997)
First record of the eastern Asiatic gobionid fish
Pseudorasbora parva from the Asiatic part of Turkey.
Journal of Fish Biology 51 (4): 858-861
World Health Organization (2004) Guidelines for drinking-
water quality: recommendations. Edition 3. World
Health Organization, 515 pp
Yildirim MZ, Koca SB, Kebapçi U (2006) Supplement to the
Prosobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fauna of Fresh
and Brackish Waters of Turkey. Turkish Journal of
Zoology 30: 197-204
Annex
Records of Potamopyrgus antipodarum in Iraq
Record coordinates
Site
No.
Location
Latitude,
°N
Longitude,
°E
Record date
Number
collected
Collector
1
Garmat Ali
River. Site 1
30°34'28'' 47°44'37'' March 2004 12 shells M.D. Naser
2
Garmat Ali
River. Site 2
30°34'22'' 47°44'48'' 23 August 2005 6 shells M.D. Naser
3
Garmat Ali
River. Site 3
30°34'16'' 47°44'59'' 19 May 2007 4 shells M.D. Naser
Loading ...
Resources
-
331.27 KB · Uploaded Jan 26, 2012 by Mikhail Son
